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Influence of manure application method on gray forest soil fertility, crop yield and quality
- Authors: Meltsaev I.G.1, Esedullaev S.T.1
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Affiliations:
- Ivanovo Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of Upper Volga Federal Agrarian Research Center
- Issue: Vol 16, No 1 (2021)
- Pages: 86-99
- Section: Soil science and agrochemistry
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19643
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2021-16-1-86-99
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Abstract
The article presents the results of field experiments on deepening the arable horizon of gray forest medium loamy soil to increase its fertility through applying organic fertilizer under PY-3-35 layer plow to a depth of 25…27 cm. Low mineralization of organic fertilizer during layer cultivation under oxygen deficiency conditions contributed to accumulation of humus in soil by 6.6 t/ha more than during conventional plowing, and by 7.5 t/ha - than during disking. It also improved water-physical and biological properties of soil: number of water-resistant aggregates increased by 4.6 and 5.3 %, soil density lowered by 0.03 and 0.04 g/cm3, number of earthworms increased by 3...6 individuals, expanded reproduction of fertility was provided, productivity of arable land increased by 7.0 and 6.7 % and crop quality increased compared to conventional plowing and disking, respectively. Deep manure incorporation extended life of organic fertilizer up to 5 years, while after conventional plowing and disking this process lasted only 2...3 years. It is not economically and environmentally beneficial, since frequent application requires a lot of fuel, and a large amount of harmful chemical compounds contained in combustion products is dumped into the environment.
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Table 1. The balance of nutrients in crop rotation (2008—2016)
Fertility element | Units | Manure incorporation method | ||
PN-4-35, 20-22 cm | PYA-3-35, 25-27 cm | BDT-3, 15-18 cm | ||
Nutrient intake from manure, crop-root residues and NPK | ||||
Humus output | t/ha | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.7 |
Nitrogen | kg/ha | 1069 | 1127 | 1090 |
Phosphorus | kg/ha | 750 | 782 | 781 |
Potassium | kg/ha | 1115 | 1111 | 1110 |
Calcium | kg/ha | 505 | 542 | 504 |
Magnesium | kg/ha | 243 | 246 | 242 |
Crop nutrient removal | ||||
Humus output | t/ha | 9.58 | 9.61 | 9.61 |
Nitrogen | kg/ha | 1012 | 1068 | 1002 |
Phosphorus | kg/ha | 715 | 754 | 716 |
Potassium | kg/ha | 946 | 996 | 947 |
Calcium | kg/ha | 495 | 532 | 495 |
Magnesium | kg/ha | 305 | 323 | 300 |
Soil nutrient balance | ||||
Humus output | t/ha | 4.02 | 4.09 | 4.09 |
Nitrogen | kg/ha | 57.0 | 59 | 88 |
Phosphorus | kg/ha | 35.0 | 28 | 65.0 |
Potassium | kg/ha | 169 | 115 | 16. |
Calcium | kg/ha | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 |
Magnesium | kg/ha | –62.0 | –77.0 | –58.0 |
Table 2. Changes in soil fertility depending on manure application method
No. | Soil parameter | Year | PN433 | PY335 | BDT3 |
1 | Exchange acidity (рНКСl) | 2007 | 6.08 | 6.05 | 6,08 |
2008 | 6.10 | 6.08 | 6,10 | ||
2016 | 6.15 | 6.18 | 6,11 | ||
2 | NNO3, mg/kg | 2007 | 17.3 | 17.4 | 17,1 |
2008 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 18,0 | ||
2016 | 21.7 | 23.6 | 21,9 | ||
3 | P2O5, mg/kg | 2007 | 160 | 161 | 166 |
2008 | 172 | 168 | 174 | ||
2016 | 180 | 210 | 189 | ||
4 | K2O, mg/kg | 2007 | 161 | 160 | 158 |
2008 | 172 | 183 | 176 | ||
2016 | 186 | 208 | 184 | ||
5 | Total absorbed bases, mEq/100 g | 2007 | 18.3 | 18.7 | 18,8 |
2008 | 20.6 | 22.0 | 20,2 | ||
2016 | 23.0 | 25.3 | 21,8 | ||
6 | Humus, % | 2007 | 2.81 | 2.83 | 2,80 |
2008 | 2.84 | 2.87 | 2,85 | ||
2016 | 3.01 | 3.20 | 2,99 | ||
Humus growth, %, (t / ha) | 0,2 (7,8) | 0.37 (14.4) | 0.19 (6.9) | ||
Note. 2007 — leveling crops of oats (source data).
Table 3. Grain yield and quality depending on manure application method (2008—2016)
Variant | Yield, t/ha | Crude protein, % | Gluten,% | Starch, % | Total nitrogen, % | К20, % | Р2О5, % |
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| Winter wheat after full fallow |
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| |||
1 | 4.35 | 12.2 | 28.2 | 56.2 | 2.45 | 0.52 | 0.54 |
2 | 4.56 | 13.6 | 31.2 | 59.0 | 2.58 | 0.53 | 0.59 |
3 | 4.36 | 12.3 | 29.4 | 56.3 | 2.41 | 0.52 | 0.54 |
LSD05 | 0.16 |
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| Winter wheat after perennial grasses |
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1 | 4.43 | 14.9 | 36.4 | 54.8 | 2.28 | 0.46 | 0.57 |
2 | 4.59 | 15.4 | 37.6 | 56.3 | 2.31 | 0.50 | 0.60 |
3 | 4.41 | 14.9 | 36.2 | 54.3 | 2.18 | 0.47 | 0.57 |
LSD05 | 0.14 |
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| Spring wheat |
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1 | 3.23 | 14.9 | 36.4 | 54.8 | 2.28 | 0.46 | 0.57 |
2 | 3.58 | 15.4 | 37.6 | 56.3 | 2.31 | 0.50 | 0.60 |
3 | 3.15 | 14.9 | 36.2 | 54.3 | 2.18 | 0.47 | 0.57 |
LSD05 | 0.13 |
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| Spring barley |
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1 | 3.42 | 13.4 | 3.68* | 60.0 | 2.15 | 0.78 | 0.92 |
2 | 3.67 | 14.2 | 3.64 * | 63.0 | 2.23 | 0.95 | 0.94 |
3 | 3.10 | 13.3 | 3.67 * | 59.0 | 2.09 | 0.77 | 0.90 |
LSD05 | 0.15 |
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| Oats |
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1 | 3.85 | 12.8 | 28.2 | 40.1 | 2.37 | 0.67 | 0.55 |
2 | 4.65 | 14.3 | 30.9 | 43.9 | 2.44 | 0.74 | 0.59 |
3 | 4.46 | 13.2 | 29.8 | 42.6 | 2.43 | 0.68 | 0.57 |
LSD05 | 0.14 |
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Note. 1— PN-4-35 at 20…22 cm, 100 t/ha; 2 — PY-3-35 at 25…27 cm; 3 — BDT-3 at 15…18 cm; * — fiber content.
About the authors
Ivan Grigoryevich Meltsaev
Ivanovo Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of Upper Volga Federal Agrarian Research Center
Author for correspondence.
Email: ivniicx@mail.ru
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, leading researcher, Department of feed production and Agrochemistry
2 Tsentralnaya st., Bogorodskoe village, Ivanovo district, Ivanovo region, 153506, Rusian FederationSabir Tyumenbegovich Esedullaev
Ivanovo Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of Upper Volga Federal Agrarian Research Center
Email: ivniicx@mail.ru
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Director
2 Tsentralnaya st., Bogorodskoe village, Ivanovo district, Ivanovo region, 153506, Rusian FederationReferences
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