professor, Doctor of Engineering Science, Volgograd State Agricultural University
-
PhD. student, Volgograd State Agricultural University
-
Ph.D. student, Volgograd State Agricultural University
-
Irrigation regimes and rates of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the expected yields of vegetable crops under conditions of light chestnut soils of the Volga-Don interfluve are considered in the study. We established that irrigation regimes and norms of mineral fertilizers proposed in our field study for table beet (Beta vulgaris) and carrot ( Daucus carota) cultivation allow yielding in the range of 60...80 t/ha. Thus, for example, the maximum yield of table beet 84.1 t/ha was obtained in the variant with 80% pre-irrigation soil moisture and N230P180K100 fertilizer at a variable depth of soil moistening (0.3...0.5 m). Changes in fertilizer dose from N130P80K20 to N230P180K100 contributed to 63.7...84.1 t/ha yield increase, which is 10-20% higher compared to other variants. Change in soil moisture from 70-80-70 to 80-80-80% of FMC in combination with fertilizer dose from N150P70K180 to N210P100K260 increased carrot yields from an average of 57.9 to 81.6 t/ha. The highest yields (81.6 t/ha) were obtained when maintaining pre-irrigation soil moisture of 80-80-80% of FMC and applying N210P100K260 fertilizer rate. In general, beet and carrot cultivation on light chestnut soils using drip irrigation is the most efficient. To maintain water regimes of the soil adopted by the experiment, a different irrigation frequency was required. When increasing humidity level from 70 to 90% FMC frequency of irrigation increases, and irrigation rate decreases. The total consumption of moisture in the experiments increased with an increase in moisture content - from 4,417 m3/ha in the variant with 70% of FMC to 5105 m3/ha in the variant with 90% of FMC. The largest total water consumption of table beet was noted in the variant with a differentiated depth of soil wetting and averaged 4,530-5,105 m3/ha. The share of irrigation water in the total water consumption of plants increased from 73.3 to 75.7%. Application of mineral fertilizers reduces water consumption of table beet. The smallest coefficient was obtained in the second irrigation regime variant, when humidity was maintained at 80% of FMC with different wetting depth. This situation was observed in all variants of irrigation regimes and fertilizer applications. This confirms that differentiating wetting depth according to table beet growth stage makes it possible to use irrigation water more economically at all rates mineral fertilizer application.
Рассмотрены режимы орошения и нормы внесения минеральных удобрений для получения запланированной урожайности овощных культур в условиях светло-каштановых почв Волго-Донского междуречья. Установлено, что предлагаемые в нашем полевом исследовании режимы орошения и нормы минеральных удобрений при выращивании столовой свеклы и моркови позволяют получать урожайность в пределах 60...80 т/га. Так, например, максимальная урожайность столовой свеклы 84,1 т/га получена на варианте с влажностью 80% НВ в сочетании с внесением удобрений нормой N230P180K100 при переменной глубины увлажнения почвы (0,3...0,5 м). Изменение дозы удобрений от N130P80K20, до N230P180K100 способствовало повышению урожая в пределах 63,7-84,1 т/га, что на 10...20% выше по сравнению с другими вариантами опыта. При возделывании моркови изменение влажности почвы от 70-80-70 до 80-80-80% НВ в сочетании с внесением дозы удобрений от N150P70K180 до N210P100K260 способствовало повышению урожайности корнеплодов в среднем с 57,9 до 81,6 т/га. Наиболее высокие показатели урожайности 81,6 т/га получены при поддержании предполивного порога влажности 80-80-80% НВ при норме минерального питания N210P100K260. В целом, на светло-каштановых почвах выращивание столовой свеклы и моркови с применением капельного полива и внесения удобрений является наиболее эффективным.