RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal IndustriesRUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal IndustriesВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство2312-797X2312-7988Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba1943610.22363/2312-797X-2018-13-4-383-395Agricultural economyЭкономика и развитие АПК (агропромышленного комплекса)Research ArticlePHYSICAL METHODS OF PRE-PLANTING AND POSTHARVEST TREATMENT OF POTATO: A REVIEWФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ПРЕДПОСАДОЧНОЙ И ПОСЛЕУБОРОЧНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ КАРТОФЕЛЯ: ОБЗОРKroupinPavel YuryevichКрупинП ЮCandidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Plant Pathogen Diagnostics, Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology; Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academypavel-krupin@yandex.ruSemenovOleg Grigor’evichСемёновО ГCandidate of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Technosphere Safety, Agrarian-Technological Institute, RUDN Universitysemenov_og@rudn.universityRussian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyРоссийский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваRussian Research Institute of Agricultural BiotechnologyВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологииРeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Российский университет дружбы народов15122018134VOL 13, NO4 (2018)ТОМ 13, №4 (2018)38339528122018Copyright ©; 2018, Kroupin P.Y., Semenov O.G.Copyright ©; 2018, Крупин П.Ю., Семёнов О.Г.2018Kroupin P.Y., Semenov O.G.Крупин П.Ю., Семёнов О.Г.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19436Potato is an important staple food crop. Potato tubers require proper treatment before planting and after harvest to produce high yields and avoid storage losses. Among different techniques of potato treatment physical methods are of special interest: thermal treatment using hot water and steam, ultraviolet (including continuous-wave UV using pulsed Xe-lamps) and gamma-irradiation, treatment with magnetic and electromagnetic fields (including microwaves). The majority of physical methods is environmentally friendly and can be applied without special registration and in the developing countries. In the present paper, for the first time, the scientific papers on physical methods of potato treatment for the last 35 years are comprehensively reviewed. The review demonstrates that such an approach is perspective both for pre-planting and postharvest treatment of potato. Physical treatment affects biochemical, cellular and physiological status of potato. Methods of physical treatment enable to control phytopathogens, and some methods (ultraviolet and gamma-radiation) even are capable of improving immunity of plants. The main traits of potato tubers that can be influenced by physical treatment are sprouting (stimulation or inhibition), susceptibility to rot and black leg diseases, and starch, reducing sugars and ascorbic acid contents. The tuber response to physical treatment depends on dosage and date of treatment, duration and temperature of storage, agricultural technology and cultivar. Low doses of treatment may be inefficient while too high dosage may result in cell deterioration or death and poor immunity, and eventually to disease development. Too early treatment may damage a tuber since it should pass through suberization (wound healing) after harvest; too late treatment requires higher doses. The proper adjustment of treatment is necessary for cultivar and individual storage conditions.Картофель является важной продовольственной культурой. Правильная предпосадочная и послеуборочная обработка клубней позволяет получить высокий урожай и избежать потерь при хранении. Среди различных методов обработки картофеля особое положение занимают физические методы: тепловая обработка горячей водой и паром, ультрафиолетовое (в том числе широкополосное) и гамма-облучение, обработка магнитными и электромагнитными полями (в том числе сверхвысокочастотными). Большинство физических методов относительно безвредны для окружающей среды и могут быть использованы без специальной регистрации и развивающимися странами. В статье впервые проведен обзор научных статей за последние 35 лет, посвященных физическим методам обработки картофеля (включая патенты на изобретения). Обзор научных статей показал перспективность данного направления как для предпосадочной, так и послеуборочной обработки картофеля. Физическая обработка оказывает воздействие на биохимический, клеточный и физиологический статус картофеля. Методы физической обработки позволяют контролировать фитопатогены, а отдельные методы (ультрафиолетовая, гамма-радиация) даже способны повышать иммунные свойства. Основные параметры клубней картофеля, на которые влияют методы физической обработки, - это прорастание глазков (стимуляция или ингибирование), поражение гнилью и черной ножкой, содержание крахмала, редуцирующих сахаров и аскорбиновой кислоты. Реакция клубней картофеля на методы физической обработки зависит от дозы, даты обработки, сроков и температуры хранения, агротехники и сорта. Низкие дозы обработки могут оказаться неэффективными, а слишком высокие могут привести к повреждению или гибели клеток и снижению иммунитета, а в конечном счете к развитию заболеваний. Слишком ранняя обработка может повредить клубень, так как после уборки ему необходимо пройти процесс суберинизации (заживления); при слишком поздней требуется повышение доз. 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