RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal IndustriesRUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries2312-797X2312-7988Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba1970310.22363/2312-797X-2021-16-4-362-369Review ArticleThe spatial adaptation of farming systems to the heterogeneity of plotsSavinIgor Yu.<p>Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Faculty of Ecology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Deputy Director, Federal Research Center - Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute; Professor, Belgorod State University</p>savin_iyu@esoil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5441RUDN UniversityDokuchaev Soil Science InstituteBelgorod State University3012202116436236930122021Copyright © 2021, Savin I.Y.2021<p style="text-align: justify;">The full exploitation of the resource potential of arable lands was analyzed in the research. The problem of completeness of the use in different farming systems was considered. It was found that at the current stage of development of farming systems, the diversity of soils and lands and, accordingly, their resource potential were most successfully incorporated in adaptive-landscape farming systems and precision farming systems. Undoubtedly, the cost of precision farming systems will decrease in the future due to the cheapening of technical means. But without introducing scientific and methodological justification for accounting of diversity of soils and land plots (as in adaptive-landscape farming systems) and heterogeneity of crops into precision farming systems, increasing the completeness of land resource potential cannot be achieved. Another important direction to improve the full use of the land resource potential is the development of a new scientific direction - Econics, and the development of technologies for leveling the heterogeneity of fields. But these directions are at the very beginning of their development.</p>soil patternsprecise agriculturelandscape-adaptive farming systemsland resource potentialструктура почвенного покроваточное земледелиеадаптивно-ландшафтное земледелиересурсный потенциал земель[Afanasyev RA. Farming systems. In: Bol’shaya rossiiskaya entsiklopediya. T. 30. Moscow; 2015. p.302—303. (In Russ.).][Savin IY. Analiz pochvennykh resursov na osnove geoinformatsionnykh tekhnologii [Analysis of soil resources based on geoinformation technologies] [Dissertation]. Moscow; 2004. (In Russ.).][Fridland VM. Struktura pochvennogo pokrova mira [Structure of soil cover of the world]. Moscow: Mysl publ.; 1984. (In Russ.).][Eltnera A, Maasa HG, Faus D. Soil micro-topography change detection at hillslopes in fragile Mediterranean landscapes. Geoderma. 2018; 313:217—232. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.034][Minaev NV, Nikitin AA, Kozlov DN. The scale levels identification for the plowland topography organization. Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin. 2019;(96):3—21. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-16942019-96-3-21][Gillingham P. The relative importance of microclimate and land use to biodiversity [Dissertation]. University of York; 2010.][Dokuchaev VV, Nikitin SN, Kostychev PA. Obsuzhdenie voprosa ob organizatsii pochvennogo issledovaniya v Rossii [Discussion of the issue of organizing soil research in Russia]. Saint Petersburg: Yakobson publ.; 1887. (In Russ.).][Romanova EN. Mikroklimaticheskaya izmenchivost’ osnovnykh elementov klimata [Microclimatic variability of the main elements of the climate]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat publ.; 1977. (In Russ.).][Kiryushin VI. Kontseptsiya adaptivno-landshaftnogo zemledeliya [The concept of adaptive landscape farming]. Moscow; 1993. (In Russ.).][Kaurichev IS, Romanova TA, Sorokina NP. Struktura pochvennogo pokrova i ti-pizatsiya zemel’ [Soil cover structure and land typification]. Moskva; 1992. (In Russ.).][Yakushev VV. Tochnoe zemledelie: teoriya i praktika [Precision farming: theory and practice]. Saint Petersburg: FGBNU AFI publ.; 2016. (In Russ.).][Sophocleous M, Georgiou J. Precision agriculture: Challenges in sensors and electron-ics for real-time soil and plant monitoring. In: 2017 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). 2017. p.1—4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2017.8325180][Fedorenko VF, Mishurov NP, Buklagin DS, Goltyapin VY, Golubev IG. Tsifrovoe sel’skoe khozyaistvo: sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya [Digital agriculture: state and development prospects]. Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh publ.; 2019. (In Russ.).][Rukhovich AD, Vilchevskaya EV, Kalinina NV, Petukhov DA, Rukhovich DI. Comparative analysis of the information content of vegetation indices and measurements of crop yields in the system of precision agriculture. In: SGEM Geo & Ekspo 2019 conference proceedings. Bulgaria, Albena: SGEM Organizing Team publ.; 2019. p.501—508. (In Russ.).]