RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal IndustriesRUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries2312-797X2312-7988Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba1982810.22363/2312-797X-2022-17-4-455-465Research ArticleEffect of microbiological agents on spring barley cultivated in the north of the Astrakhan regionNaumovaNina A.<p>Head of the Laboratory of Plant Resources of the Integrated Land Reclamation Department</p>Naumovana84@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-9241Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences2712202217445546527122022Copyright © 2022, Naumova N.A.2022<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of the study was to determine effectiveness of the use of microbiological agents in spring barley cultivation. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of light chestnut soils in the north of the Astrakhan region, Chernoyarsky district, Solenoe Zaymishche village in 2018-2020. The use of this cultural method contributed to two-fold increase in the productivity of spring barley (3.5 t/ha), compared with the control (without any seed treatment - 1 .4 t/ha). The pre-sowing inoculation of seeds increased field germination and number of mature plants: by 75 and 26.8 % for Mizorin, 79 and 40.9 % for BisolbiFit, 78 and 37.6 % for Rizoagrin, respectively, in comparison with the control. Application of these microbiological agents in spring barley cultivation can be recommended to both small and large farms, which will help to rise the agriculture of the region to a high level of production of spring barley.</p>spring barleyproductivity of grainmicrobiological agentsclimatic conditionsAstrakhan regionяровой ячменьпродуктивность зернамикробиологические препаратыклиматические условияАстраханская область<p><em>Table 1. </em>Field germination and survival of spring barley plants depending on the microbiological agent, 20182020</p>
<table style="height: 440px;" width="652">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 131.367px; height: 192px;" rowspan="3">
<p style="text-align: center;">Microbiological agent</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 503.733px; text-align: center; height: 46px;" colspan="6">
<p>Indicators</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 64px;">
<td style="width: 77.6833px; text-align: center; height: 146px;" rowspan="2">
<p>Seeding rate, million seeds per ha</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 145.717px; text-align: center; height: 64px;" colspan="2">
<p>Seedlings</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 118.233px; text-align: center; height: 146px;" rowspan="2">
<p>Field germination,%</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 143.2px; text-align: center; height: 64px;" colspan="2">
<p>Number of mature plants</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82px;">
<td style="width: 64.9333px; text-align: center; height: 82px;">
<p>million plants per ha</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.4833px; text-align: center; height: 82px;">
<p>Excess over the control,%</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 61.9333px; text-align: center; height: 82px;">
<p>million plants per ha</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.9667px; text-align: center; height: 82px;">
<p>Excess over the control,%</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 64px;">
<td style="width: 131.367px; height: 64px;">
<p>Control (without treatment)</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 77.6833px; text-align: center; height: 64px;">
<p>3.5</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 64.9333px; text-align: center; height: 64px;">
<p>2.45</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.4833px; text-align: center; height: 64px;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 118.233px; text-align: center; height: 64px;">
<p>70</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 61.9333px; text-align: center; height: 64px;">
<p>1.49</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.9667px; text-align: center; height: 64px;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 131.367px; height: 46px;">
<p>Mizorin</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 77.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>3.5</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 64.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.62</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.4833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>6.9</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 118.233px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>75</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 61.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>1.89</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.9667px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>26.8</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 131.367px; height: 46px;">
<p>BisolbiFit</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 77.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>3.5</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 64.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.76</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.4833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>12.6</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 118.233px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>79</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 61.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.10</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.9667px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>40.9</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 131.367px; height: 46px;">
<p>Rizoagrin</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 77.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>3.5</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 64.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.73</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.4833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>11.4</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 118.233px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>78</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 61.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.05</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.9667px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>37.6</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 131.367px; height: 46px;">
<p>LSD<sub>05</sub></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 77.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 64.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>0.13</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.4833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>0.52</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 118.233px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>3.78</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 61.9333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>0.09</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 74.9667px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>1.76</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Table 2. </em>Biological activity of soil depending on microbiological agent, 20182020</p>
<table style="height: 506px;" width="663">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 147.1px; height: 92px;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;">Microbiological agent</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 92px;" rowspan="2">
<p>Soil horizon, cm</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 312.117px; text-align: center; height: 46px;" colspan="4">
<p>Biological activity of soil,%</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 92px;" rowspan="2">
<p>Exess over the control,%</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>Tillering</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>Booting</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>Maturity</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>Average</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 147.1px; height: 92px;" rowspan="2">
<p>Control (without treatment)</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>010</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>14</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>16</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>14</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>16</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>1020</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>10</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>14</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>12</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>12</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 147.1px; height: 92px;" rowspan="2">
<p>Mizorin</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>010</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>19</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>25</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>29</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>24</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>1020</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>12</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>19</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>24</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>18</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>50</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 147.1px; height: 92px;" rowspan="2">
<p>BisolbiFit</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>010</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>36</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>47</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>42</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>42</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>163</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>1020</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>20</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>28</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>26</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>28</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>133</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 147.1px; height: 92px;" rowspan="2">
<p>Rizoagrin</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>010</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>29</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>36</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>33</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>33</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>106</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>1020</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>22</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>27</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>21</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>23</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>92</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 46px;">
<td style="width: 147.1px; height: 46px;">
<p>LSD<sub>05</sub></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 83.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.6833px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>1.01</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 73.3px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.65</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 68.7px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.51</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 82.5333px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>2.45</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 90.6px; text-align: center; height: 46px;">
<p>7.21</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Table 3. </em>Spring barley productivity depending on microbiological agents, 20182020</p>
<table style="height: 186px;" width="736">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 39.15px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p>№</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 170.633px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p>Microbiological agent</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99.3833px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p>Mature plants per m<sup>2</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 96.3667px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p>Mature productive stems per m<sup>2</sup></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 193px; text-align: center;" colspan="2">
<p>Spike</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 95.3667px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p>1000 grains weight, g</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 80.3px; text-align: center;">
<p>Number of grains</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 106.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>Grain weight, g</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 39.15px; text-align: center;">
<p>1</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 170.633px; text-align: center;">
<p>Control (without treatment)</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99.3833px; text-align: center;">
<p>149</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 96.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>296</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 80.3px; text-align: center;">
<p>14</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 106.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>0.49</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 95.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>34.16</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 39.15px; text-align: center;">
<p>2</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 170.633px; text-align: center;">
<p>Mizorin</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99.3833px; text-align: center;">
<p>189</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 96.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>472</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 80.3px; text-align: center;">
<p>15</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 106.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>0.53</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 95.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>36.33</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 39.15px; text-align: center;">
<p>3</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 170.633px; text-align: center;">
<p>BisolbiFit</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99.3833px; text-align: center;">
<p>210</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 96.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>619</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 80.3px; text-align: center;">
<p>16</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 106.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>0.57</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 95.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>38.47</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 39.15px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>4</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 170.633px; text-align: center;">
<p>Rizoagrin</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99.3833px; text-align: center;">
<p>205</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 96.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>524</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 80.3px; text-align: center;">
<p>15</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 106.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>0.55</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 95.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>37.26</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 39.15px; text-align: center;">
<p></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 170.633px; text-align: center;">
<p>LSD<sub>05</sub></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 99.3833px; text-align: center;">
<p>9.41</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 96.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>23.89</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 80.3px; text-align: center;">
<p>0.75</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 106.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>0.03</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 95.3667px; text-align: center;">
<p>1.83</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Table 4. </em>Biological yield of spring barley depending on the microbiological agent used, 20182020</p>
<table width="528">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="111">
<p style="text-align: center;">Microbiological agent</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4" width="70">
<p>Yield, t/ha</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" width="139">
<p>Standard deviations (+/)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2018</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2019</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2020</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>Average</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>t/ha</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>%</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">
<p>Control</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>1.32</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>1.92</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>1.13</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>1.45</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">
<p>Mizorin</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2.62</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2.81</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2.07</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2.50</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>+1.05</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>72.41</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">
<p>BisolbiFit</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>3.57</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>3.68</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>3.31</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>3.52</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>+2.07</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>142.75</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">
<p>Rizoagrin</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2.83</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>3.12</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2.69</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>2.88</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>+1.43</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>98.62</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">
<p>LSD<sub>05</sub></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>0.13</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>0.14</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p>0.12</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="70">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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