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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-797X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-7988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19830</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-797X-2022-17-4-473-483</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Plant protection</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Защита растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens in wheat seeds using PCR</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идентификация Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae и Xanthomonas translucens в зерне пшеницы методом ПЦР</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-1296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muvingi</surname><given-names>Mufaro</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мувинги</surname><given-names>Муфаро</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student, Agrobiotechnology Department, Agrarian and Technological Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант агробиотехнологического департамента aграрно-технологического института</p></bio><email>mufaromuvingi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-5955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slovareva</surname><given-names>Olga Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Словарева</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Science (Biology), Junior Researcher, Department of Organization of Interlaboratory Comparison Tests</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник отдела организации межлабораторных сличительных испытаний</p></bio><email>slovareva.olga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-0861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zargar</surname><given-names>Meisam</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заргар</surname><given-names>Мейсам</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Science (Biology), Junior Researcher, Department of Organization of Interlaboratory Comparison Tests</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент агробиотехнологического департамента аграрно-технологического института</p></bio><email>zargar-m@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский центр карантина растений</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 17, NO4 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 17, №4 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>473</fpage><lpage>483</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Muvingi M., Slovareva O.Y., Zargar M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Мувинги М., Словарева О.Ю., Заргар М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muvingi M., Slovareva O.Y., Zargar M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мувинги М., Словарева О.Ю., Заргар М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19830">https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19830</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The causative agents of grain crops bacteriosis viz. Pseudomonas fuscovaginae , Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens are regulated by phytosanitary requirements of the largest importers of Russian grain - Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Pakistan. Therefore, it requires the development of rapid methods for their diagnosis. The PCR method, which is the fastest and most reliable in testing laboratories, needs optimal preparation of the test material. The aim of the study was to optimize the process of preparing seed samples for subsequent detection and identification of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae and X. translucens by PCR. Wheat grain samples were soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 2 hours and infected with suspensions of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae pv. coronafaciens and X. translucens at various concentrations. Then, the infected grain samples were crushed and subjected to two-stage centrifugation. DNA was isolated from the obtained analytical samples and species-specific PCR was performed for each bacterial species. It was found that a two-hour soaking of the seeds and their treatment with a homogenizer is sufficient to effectively destroy each grain in the sample and ensure the release of bacteria into the liquid part of the sample. The first low-speed centrifugation allowed the crushed grain to settle efficiently and remove excess starch from the supernatant. High-speed centrifugation of the supernatant made it possible to obtain a concentrated microbiota contained in the grain sample. To obtain DNA of sufficient quality for PCR test, the kit ‘Proba-GS’ (AgroDiagnostika, Russia) was used for DNA extraction. Using ‘Pseudomonas fuscovaginae-RT’ kit (Syntol, Russia) and PsyF/PsyR and 4F1/4R 1 primers, DNA of P. fuscovaginae P. syringae and X. translucens , respectively, was successfully detected in each of the samples infected with these bacteria at concentrations of 103 CFU/ml. The absence of PCR inhibition was noted. The method of removing starch from samples for molecular diagnostics of phytopathogens was used for the first time. Application of these methods will allow diagnosing pathogens of bacterioses within one day.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Фитосанитарными требованиями крупнейших импортеров российского зерна - Е гипта, Турции, Бангладеша, Нигерии и Пакистана - регулируются возбудители бактериозов зерновых культур Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae и Xanthomonas translucens , что вызывает необходимость в разработке быстрых методов их диагностики. Метод полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР), зарекомендовавший себя в испытательных лабораториях как самый быстрый и надежный, требует оптимальной подготовки тестируемого материала. Цель исследования - оптимизация процесса подготовки проб семян для последующего выявления и идентификации P. fuscovaginae , P. syringae и X. translucens методом ПЦР. Образцы зерна пшеницы замачивали в фосфатно-солевом буфере (PBS) в течение 2 часов и заражали суспензиями культур P. fuscovaginae , P. syringae pv. coronafaciens и X. translucens в различных концентрациях. Затем зараженные образцы зерна измельчали и подвергали двухэтапному центрифугированию. Из полученных аналитических проб выделяли ДНК и проводили видоспецифичную для каждого вида бактерий ПЦР. В результате установлено, что двухчасового замачивания семян и их обработки гомогенизатором достаточно, чтобы эффективно разрушить каждое зерно в пробе и обеспечить выход бактерий в жидкую часть пробы. Первое низкоскоростное центрифугирование позволило эффективно осадить измельченное зерно и удалить лишний крахмал из надосадочной жидкости. Высокоскоростное центрифугирование надосадочной жидкости позволило получить концентрированную микробиоту, содержащуюся в образце зерна. Использование набора для выделения ДНК «Проба-ГС», АгроДиагностика (Россия) позволило получить ДНК достаточного качества для проведения ПЦР. С помощью набора Pseudomonas fuscovaginae-РВ, Синтол (Россия) и праймеров PsyF/PsyR и 4F1/4R 1 успешно обнаружена ДНК P. Fuscovaginae, P. syringae и X. translucens соответственно в каждом из зараженных этими бактериями образце в концентрациях 103 КОЕ/мл. Отмечено отсутствие ингибирования ПЦР при использовании изложенных методов подготовки проб и тестирования. Метод удаления крахмала из проб для молекулярной диагностики фитопатогенов, насколько нам известно, использовался впервые. Применение использованных в работе методов позволит проводить диагностику значимых для экспорта зерна возбудителей бактериозов в течение одного дня.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grain export</kwd><kwd>phytosanitary requirements</kwd><kwd>plant quarantine</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>brown leaf rot</kwd><kwd>leaf cover</kwd><kwd>cereal crops</kwd><kwd>halo bacteriosis</kwd><kwd>black bacteriosis</kwd><kwd>grain crops</kwd><kwd>diagnostics of phytopathogens</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспорт зерна</kwd><kwd>фитосанитарные требования</kwd><kwd>карантин растений</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>бурая гниль</kwd><kwd>листовая оболочка</kwd><kwd>злаковые культуры</kwd><kwd>ореольный бактериоз</kwd><kwd>черный бактериоз</kwd><kwd>зерновые культуры</kwd><kwd>диагностика фитопатогенов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Agapkin AM, Makhotina IA. 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