RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal IndustriesRUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries2312-797X2312-7988Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba1986710.22363/2312-797X-2023-18-1-80-91Research ArticleState of Vyatka horse population in regions of RussiaBassSvetlana P.<p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Feeding and Breeding of Agricultural Animals</p>sveta.bass@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-1279BelousovaNatalya F.<p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher</p>natfb@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-0123AzimovaGlafira V.<p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Feeding and Breeding of Agricultural Animals</p>Glavira2009@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-414XGulyaevaAnna N.<p>Post-graduate student, Department of Feeding and Breeding of Agricultural Animals</p>santermnebrat@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0725-8800Udmurt state agricultural universityRussian Research Institute of Horse Breeding30032023181809106042023Copyright © 2023, Bass S.P., Belousova N.F., Azimova G.V., Gulyaeva A.N.2023<p style="text-align: justify;">The current state of Vyatka horse breed gene pool was studied in the research. It was revealed that the main array of the breeding stock is concentrated in three populations of three regions - the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov region, the Central Federal District. The purpose of the research was to assess the state of gene pool of Vyatka breed in modern conditions. Population of breeding stock horses both in agricultural enterprises and on private farms was analyzed in the territory of three regions of the Russian Federation: the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov Region, the Central Federal District. According to the genetic characteristics, horses in each population were divided into groups based on the relation degree: group 1 - outbred, group 2 - with distant Fx inbreeding (0.21.55 %), group 3 - with moderate Fx inbreeding (1.5612.5 %), group 4 - with close Fx inbreeding (12.625 %). The coefficient of inbreeding was estimated according to the Wright-Kislovsky formula. The most typical horses with an inherent conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District. Monitoring the quantitative composition of the breed showed that the number of mares increased from 73 to 287 heads over the period from 1995 to 2021. However, a sharp decrease in the number of mares (222 heads) was recorded at the beginning of 2022. This tendency creates certain difficulties in the selection process. The largest number of mares is concentrated in the Central Federal District - 83 heads nowadays. At the present stage of work with Vyatka breed the analysis of genetic diversity showed that 43.3 % of the representatives were outbred, it was based on the study of the increase in homozygosity of individuals in a limited gene pool. Representatives of the Vyatka breed were obtained in equal proportions by remote and moderate inbreeding - 28.1 and 27 %, respectively. The most typical with the correct conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District.</p>Vyatka horse breedlimited gene poolinbreeding degreeinbreeding coefficienthorse selectionpopulationвятская порода лошадейограниченный генофондстепень инбридингакоэффициент инбридингаселекция лошадейпопуляция<center>
<div class="preview fancybox" style="text-align: center;"><center>
<div class="preview fancybox" style="text-align: center;"><a title="Population of Vyatka horses in regions of Russia, heads" href="/files/journals/1/articles/19867/supp/19867-22527-1-SP.png" rel="simplebox"><img style="max-height: 700px; max-width: 700px;" src="/files/journals/1/articles/19867/supp/19867-22527-1-SP.png" /></a><br /><strong>Population of Vyatka horses in regions of Russia, heads</strong></div>
</center></div>
</center>
<p><em>Table 1 <br /></em><strong>Number of Vyatka breeding mares by year, heads</strong></p>
<table width="529">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="155">
<p><strong>Region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p><strong>1995</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p><strong>2004</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p><strong>2008</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p><strong>2016</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p><strong>2020</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p><strong>2021</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p><strong>2022</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;" width="155">
<p><strong>Udmurt Republic</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>42</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>80</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>103</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>93</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>106</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>106</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>78</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;" width="155">
<p><strong>Kirov region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>25</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>49</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>53</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>78</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>72</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>73</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>72</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;" width="155">
<p><strong>Central region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>6</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>5</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>12</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>52</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>82</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>99</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>93</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;" width="155">
<p><strong>Total</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>73</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>134</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>168</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>225</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>288</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>287</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="54">
<p>250</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p><em>Table 2 <br /></em><strong>Register of owners of Vyatka breeding mares by region, heads</strong></p>
<table width="528">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="136">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" width="119">
<p><strong>Number of mares, heads</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p><strong>Incl</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p><strong>uding</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p><strong>agricultural enterprises</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p><strong>private owners</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="136">
<p><strong>Udmurt Republic</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="119">
<p>68</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>37</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>31</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="136">
<p><strong>Kirov region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="119">
<p>72</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>70</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>2</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="136">
<p><strong>Central region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="119">
<p>81</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>57</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>24</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="136">
<p><strong>Total</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="119">
<p>221</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>165</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align: center;" width="137">
<p>57</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="табл" lang="ru-RU" style="text-align: justify;"></p>
<p class="табл" lang="ru-RU" style="text-align: justify;">Table 3<br /><strong>Distribution of active breeding stallions by regions and lines, heads</strong></p>
<p class="табл" lang="ru-RU" style="text-align: justify;"><a title="Table 3" href="/files/journals/1/articles/19867/supp/19867-22529-1-SP.png" rel="simplebox"><img style="max-height: 700px; max-width: 700px;" src="/files/journals/1/articles/19867/supp/19867-22529-1-SP.png" /></a></p>
<p></p>
<p><em>Table 4 <br /></em><strong>Comparative assessment of the state of Vyatka breed gene pool by populations</strong></p>
<table style="height: 125px;" width="815">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 156.65px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p><strong>Region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 98.4px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p><strong><em>n</em></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">
<p><strong>Outbreeding, %</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 393.05px; text-align: center;" colspan="3">
<p><strong>Inbreeding coefficient</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Remote</strong></p>
<p><strong>(0.21.55 %)</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Moderate (1.5612.5 %)</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Close (12.625 %)</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 156.65px; text-align: left;">
<p><strong>Udmurt Republic</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 98.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>166</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>30.7</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>43.4</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>24.1</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>1.80</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 156.65px; text-align: left;">
<p><strong>Kirov region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 98.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>74</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>62.1</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>14.9</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>20.3</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>2.70</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 156.65px; text-align: left;">
<p><strong>Central region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 98.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>134</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>48.5</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>16.5</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>34.3</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>0.70</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 156.65px; text-align: left;">
<p><strong>Total</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 98.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>374</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; text-align: center;">
<p>43.3</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>28.1</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>27.0</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 126.817px; text-align: center;">
<p>1.60</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p><em>Table 5 <br /></em><strong>Response to inbreeding of Vyatka breeding traits of different horse populations</strong></p>
<table style="height: 328px;" width="838">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 83.0833px;" rowspan="3">
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Regions</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 179.767px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2">
<p><strong>Outbreeding</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 179.767px; text-align: center;" colspan="6">
<p><strong>Inbreeding coefficient</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 179.767px; text-align: center;" colspan="2">
<p><strong>Remote <br /></strong><strong>(0.21.55 %)</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 179.8px; text-align: center;" colspan="2">
<p><strong>Moderate <br />(0.21.55 %)</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 179.783px; text-align: center;" colspan="2">
<p><strong>Close <br />(0.21.55 %)</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Typicality</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Exterior</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Typicality</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Exterior</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Typicality</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.7px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Exterior</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Typicality</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong>Exterior</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 83.0833px;">
<p><strong>Udmurt Republic</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.940.17</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.080.09</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.830.09</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.010.08</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.030,18</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.7px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.010.08</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.660.03</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.000.05</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 83.0833px;">
<p><strong>Kirov region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.670.11</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.820.10</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.540.15</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.090.25</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.500.19</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.7px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.080.22</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.500.01</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.500.02</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 83.0833px;">
<p><strong>Central region</strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p>**8.270.19</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>**8.450.15</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.7833px; text-align: center;">
<p>**8.010.02</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p>**8.750.16</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p>7.910.28</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.7px; text-align: center;">
<p>8.500.23</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 94.8px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 78.6833px; text-align: center;">
<p><strong></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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