RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal IndustriesRUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal IndustriesВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство2312-797X2312-7988Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba2012510.22363/2312-797X-2024-19-4-578-591AKCHZBGenetics and plant breedingГенетика и селекция растенийReview ArticleMarker breeding of white cabbageМаркерная селекция капусты белокочаннойhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-99019864-0118BursakovSergey A.БурсаковСергей Алексеевич

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Molecular Support for Breeding of Grain and Leguminous Crops

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических технологий и молекулярного сопровождения селекции зерновых и зернобобовых культур

sergeymoscu@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-103X7043-2727KarlovGennady I.КарловГеннадий Ильич

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director

доктор биологических наук, профессор, Академик РАН, директор

karlov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-58758509-0240KharchenkoPetr N.ХарченкоПетр Николаевич

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Advisor

доктор биологических наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель

iab@iab.ac.ruAll-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural BiotechnologyВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии30122024194VOL 19, NO4 (2024)ТОМ 19, №4 (2024)57859129032025Copyright ©; 2024, Bursakov S.A., Karlov G.I., Kharchenko P.N.Copyright ©; 2024, Бурсаков С.А., Карлов Г.И., Харченко П.Н.2024Bursakov S.A., Karlov G.I., Kharchenko P.N.Бурсаков С.А., Карлов Г.И., Харченко П.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20125

Modern accelerated development of agricultural production actualizes the development of new technologies aimed at more economical and environmentally friendly production of high-quality products with specified quality and properties. In this regard, the method of molecular markers, which significantly increases the efficiency of breeding, is gaining wide popularity and demand. The technology of marker-­assisted selection accelerates selection of the required characteristics of plants at early stages of their development until their manifestation in the adult state, increasing its efficiency regardless of the environment influence. This technology is widely applied to a huge range of crops, including white cabbage. This crop is cultivated over significant areas worldwide and is important due to its high demand and health benefits. Although a significant number of new varieties and hybrids of white cabbage with individual characteristics have been developed by breeders to date, the demand for increasing its yield is becoming increasingly high. Therefore, interest in molecular marker-­assisted breeding is increasing and manipulation of agronomic and economically important traits of promising lines is becoming relevant. The lack of generalizations of material in this area is essential. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the current state of the issue, to identify the main and most demanded directions of research in the field of marker technology in application to white cabbage and to draw attention to this currently relevant topic. Accordingly, we conducted a search and systematic review of available modern specialized literature and relevant recent scientific data over the last two decades on marker-­mediated breeding of white cabbage. In the study, markers of biotic and abiotic stress as well as quality of white cabbage were analyzed. As the collected information on markers shows, scientific research in these areas is prioritized but poorly covered in the literature. A very small proportion of promising KASP markers was observed, as well as insufficient research on the different ripeness groups of white cabbage varieties. The systematization of the available knowledge with emphasis on problem areas undertaken in this review may be important and useful for breeders and producers for their practical application in practice.

Современное ускоренное развитие сельскохозяйственного производства актуализирует развитие новых технологий, направленных на более экономичное и экологичное получение высококачественной продукции с заданным качеством и свой­ствами. Приобретает популярность и востребованность метод молекулярных маркеров, значительно повышающий эффективность селекции. Технология маркерной селекции дает возможность ускорить отбор требуемых характеристик растений на ранних стадиях их развития до момента их проявления во взрослом состоянии, повышая эффективность отбора вне зависимости от влияния окружающей среды. Эта технология применяется к широкому спектру сельскохозяйственных культур, включая капусту белокочанную, возделываемую на значительных площадях во всем мире в связи с высокой востребованностью и пользой для здоровья. Несмотря на то, что селекционерами создано значительное число новых сортов и гибридов капусты белокочанной с индивидуальными особенностями, спрос на увеличение ее урожайности с единицы площади становится все более высоким. Возрастает интерес к молекулярной маркерной селекции и становятся актуальными манипулирования агрономическими и экономически важными признаками перспективных линий, но отсутствует обобщение полученного исследовательского материала. Проведен поиск доступной современной специализированной литературы и актуальных научных данных за последнее двадцатилетие и выполнен систематический обзор современного состояния, выявлены главные и наиболее востребованные направления исследований в области маркерной технологии — маркеропосредованной селекции капусты белокочанной. Проанализированы маркеры биотического и абиотического стресса, а также качества капусты белокочанной. Подтверждена приоритетность направления исследований и слабая освещенность в литературе. Отмечена очень малая доля перспективных KASP маркеров, а также недостаточная изученность различных групп спелости сортов капусты белокочанной. Предпринятая систематизация имеющихся знаний с акцентом на проблемные направления может быть полезна для селекционеров и производственников.

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