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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-797X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-7988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20203</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-2-310-322</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NYSUDP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Veterinary science</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ветеринария</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiological characteristics of dogs with dental calculus: 392 cases (2012-2020)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиологические характеристики собак с зубным камнем: 392 случая в 2012-2020 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3535-8732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Don State Technical University; Senior Lecturer, Dentalvet Educational and Veterinary Center</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой cтоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии, Донской государственный технический университет; старший преподаватель, Учебный и ветеринарный центр «Денталвет»</bio><email>SpirinaAnnaS@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3160-8062</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7457-6591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer, Dentalvet Educational and Veterinary Center; postgraduate student, Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель, Учебный и ветеринарный центр «Денталвет»; аспирант, Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)</p></bio><email>spirinaoa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-9999</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1529-7483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>Vladislav S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>Владислав Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент кафедры ветеринарной медицины</p></bio><email>vlad91bd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-3989</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5358-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>Aleksey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Biology and General Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой биологии и общей патологии</p></bio><email>amermakov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Don State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Донской государственный технический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dentalvet Educational and Veterinary Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Учебный и ветеринарный центр «Денталвет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ROSBIOTECH</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский биотехнологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Applied aspects of pharmaceutical science in veterinary medicine</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Прикладные факторы рынка лекарственных средств</issue-title><fpage>310</fpage><lpage>322</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Spirina A.S., Spirina O.A., Bychkov V.S., Ermakov A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Спирина А.С., Спирина О.А., Бычков В.С., Ермаков А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spirina A.S., Spirina O.A., Bychkov V.S., Ermakov A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спирина А.С., Спирина О.А., Бычков В.С., Ермаков А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20203">https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20203</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dental calculus is a local irritant to adjacent soft tissues, causing an inflammatory response that contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Mineralized plaque contains bacterial toxins, which can lead to systemic infections. A retrospective analysis of the oral cavity condition of 392 dogs with dental calculus admitted for a comprehensive dental examination and oral sanitation to the Dentalvet veterinary center in 2012-2020 was conducted. An analysis of epidemiological data was performed to determine the risk factors for dental calculus formation. The study showed that small breed dogs aged 1 to 5 years were included in highrisk group for periodontal diseases. Tables with data on dental plaque and calculus indices, age characteristics of dogs, number of dog groups by skull type and breed, photographs and intraoral X-rays were provided.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубной камень является местным раздражителем для прилегающих мягких тканей и вызывает воспалительную реакцию, способствующую развитию заболеваний пародонта. Так как минерализованный зубной налет содержит бактериальные токсины, могут развиваться системные инфекции. Проведен ретроспективный анализ состояния ротовой полости 392 собак с зубным камнем, поступивших на комплексное стоматологическое обследование и санацию ротовой полости в ветеринарный центр «Денталвет» в период 2012-2020 гг. Для определения факторов риска образования зубного камня выполнен анализ эпидемиологических данных. Исследование показало, что в группу повышенного риска заболеваний пародонта вошли собаки мелких пород в возрасте от 1 года до 5 лет. Приведены таблицы с индексами зубного налета и камня, возрастная характеристика собак, численность групп собак по типу черепа и породам, фотографии и интраоральные рентгеновские снимки разных стадий патологии пародонта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mineralized dental plaque</kwd><kwd>oral cavity sanitation</kwd><kwd>periodontal disease in dogs</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>минерализованный зубной налет</kwd><kwd>санация ротовой полости</kwd><kwd>заболевания пародонта у собак</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Borah BM, Halter TJ, Xie B, Henneman ZJ, Siudzinski TR, Harris S, et al. Kinetics of canine dental calculus crystallization: an in vitro study on the influence of inorganic components of canine saliva. 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