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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-797X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-7988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20240</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-3-354-367</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VAXWJL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Varietal breeding — selection and retention of agronomic traits</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Сортовая селекция — отбор и закрепление  хозяйственно ценных признаков</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Resistance of spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. to leaf rust under the conditions of the Central Non-Black-Earth region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Устойчивость сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. к бурой ржавчине в условиях Центрального Нечерноземья</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-9522</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9735-3156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Najodov</surname><given-names>Boburjon B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наджодов</surname><given-names>Бобурджон Баходурович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Department of Genetics Breeding and Seed Production, Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy; Researcher Lab Assistant, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры генетики, селекции и семеноводства, Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева; лаборант-исследователь лаборатории прикладной геномики и частной селекции сельскохозяйственных растений, Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии</p></bio><email>boburnajodov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-7242</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8963-2357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubets</surname><given-names>Valentina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубец</surname><given-names>Валентина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Senior Researcher, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Speed bridging in Crop Breeding, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology; Senior Researcher, Department of Distant hybridization of Main Botanical Garden RAS, 4 Botanicheskaya st., Moscow, 127276, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории спидбридинга в селекции сельскохозяйственных культур, Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии; ведущий научный сотрудник, Отдел отдаленной гибридизации, Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина РАН</p></bio><email>Valentina.rubets50@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-3659</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8314-5270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Divashuk</surname><given-names>Mikhail G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дивашук</surname><given-names>Михаил Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Private Breeding, Kurchatov Genome Center, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology; Associate professor, Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production, Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией прикладной геномики и частной селекции сельскохозяйственных растений, Курчатовский геномный центр, Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии; доцент кафедры генетики, селекции и семеноводства, Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</p></bio><email>divashuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tsitsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Varietal breeding — selection and retention of agronomic traits</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Сортовая селекция — отбор и закрепление хозяйственно ценных признаков</issue-title><fpage>354</fpage><lpage>367</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Najodov B.B., Rubets V.S., Divashuk M.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Наджодов Б.Б., Рубец В.С., Дивашук М.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Najodov B.B., Rubets V.S., Divashuk M.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Наджодов Б.Б., Рубец В.С., Дивашук М.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20240">https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20240</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of experimental studies on field resistance of spring common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) varieties to leaf rust in the Central Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of Russia were described. Fifteen spring wheat varieties were evaluated under field conditions from 2021 to 2024. The study aimed to analyze the yield performance of these varieties depending on the effectiveness of resistance genes (Lr genes) against leaf rust in the Central Non-Black Earth region of Russia. A search for relevant publications and identification of Lr genes in the varieties was conducted using databases such as Wheatpedigree, Scopus, NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, RSCI, and Cyberleninka. Resistance to brown rust was assessed using the 9-point VIR scale. The results showed that in years with favorable weather conditions from sprouting to heading, resistance to leaf rust positively influenced grain yield. However, during drought periods, this resistance had no significant effect on yield. Lr resistance genes in the studied varieties provided relatively effective protection in years with low infection pressure, but were insufficient during epidemic years. Therefore, more effective genes or their combinations should be considered when developing new varieties for the Central Non-Black Earth region of Russia. The most effective resistance genes identified from 2021 to 2024 were Lr19 + Lr6 (from the donor variety Tulaykovskaya 108) and Lr21 (from the donor variety Granny).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований полевой устойчивости сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы ( Triticum aestivum L.) к бурой ржавчине в условиях Центрального района Нечерноземной зоны России (ЦРНЗ). Изучены 15 сортообразцов яровой мягкой пшеницы в полевых условиях в 2021-2024 гг. Цель исследования - установить зависимость урожайности сортов яровой пшеницы от эффективности генов устойчивости к бурой ржавчине в условиях ЦРНЗ. Для поиска публикаций по теме исследования и идентификации сортов с Lr -генами использованы базы данных Wheatpedigree, Scopus, NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, РИНЦ и Cyberleninka. Оценку устойчивости сортов к бурой ржавчине проводили по универсальной 9-балльной шкале ВИР. Выявлено, что в годы с благоприятными метеорологическими условиями в период от всходов до колошения устойчивость сортов пшеницы к листовой ржавчине положительно влияет на урожайность зерна, при засухе в этот период - нет. Гены устойчивости Lr , имеющиеся у изученного набора сортов, относительно эффективно защищают их в годы с невысокой инфекционной нагрузкой. В годы эпифитотий их защиты недостаточно. Поэтому следует искать более эффективные гены или их комплексы при создании новых сортов в ЦРНЗ. Наиболее эффективными за 2021-2024 гг. оказались гены Lr19 + Lr6 (донор сорт Тулайковская 108) и Lr 21 (донор сорт Гранни).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Puccinia triticina</kwd><kwd>breeding for resistance</kwd><kwd>brown rust</kwd><kwd>Lr genes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Puccinia triticina</kwd><kwd>селекция на устойчивость</kwd><kwd>листовая ржавчина</kwd><kwd>Lr-гены</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chai Y, Senay S, Horvath D, Pardey P. Multi-peril pathogen risks to global wheat production: A probabilistic loss and investment assessment. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2022;13:1034600. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034600 EDN: LSNITO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng F, Wu J, Cai X, Liang J, Freeling M, Wang X. 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