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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-797X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-7988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20247</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-3-455-470</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WWBFPS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetics and selection of animals</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетика и селекция животных</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mitochondrial haplotypes: the effect of reproductive disorders in pigs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Митохондриальные гаплотипы: эффект нарушения репродукции свиней</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-6784</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2597-3654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopyan</surname><given-names>Nare A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопян</surname><given-names>Наре Акоповна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biology Science, Associate Professor of the Department of General Pathology n. a. V.M. Koropov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры общей патологии им. В.М. Коропова</p></bio><email>parlenare@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-5086</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5832-3693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gildikov</surname><given-names>Dmitry I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильдиков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Science, Head of the Department of General Pathology named after V.M. Koropov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат ветеринарных наук, заведующий кафедрой общей патологии им. В.М. Коропова</p></bio><email>gildikovdmiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-8853</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7812-3549</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>Irina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Ирина Радиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Science, Associate Professor of the Department of General Pathology named after V.M. Koropov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент кафедры общей патологии им. В.М. Коропова</p></bio><email>ira.selivanova78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA named after K.I. Skryabin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии - МВА имени К.И. Скрябина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Varietal breeding — selection and retention of agronomic traits</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Сортовая селекция — отбор и закрепление хозяйственно ценных признаков</issue-title><fpage>455</fpage><lpage>470</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Akopyan N.A., Gildikov D.I., Selivanova I.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Акопян Н.А., Гильдиков Д.И., Селиванова И.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akopyan N.A., Gildikov D.I., Selivanova I.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акопян Н.А., Гильдиков Д.И., Селиванова И.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20247">https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20247</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study presents the results of a literature review and original research on the influence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes on oocyte quality and genetic diversity in pigs of different breeds, based on the analysis of mtDNA polymorphism. mtDNA pathologies in oocytes arise from various factors such as aging, metabolic disorders, obesity, and reduced genetic diversity. A direct effect of mtDNA haplotypes on pig reproduction has been established, which contributes to a better understanding and diagnosis of pathologies underlying oocyte health deterioration. Three groups of mtDNA haplotypes were identified in Russian pig breeds, indicating limited genetic diversity. It was shown that sows with haplotypes D and E exhibit earlier oocyte maturation compared with offspring predominated by haplotype A, which demonstrated the lowest reproductive efficiency. According to the results, haplotypes D and E are more stable in pig populations, as litters from their carriers averaged 12 or more piglets born. The obtained data demonstrate a correlation between genetic variability in natural mitochondrial haplotypes and the number of piglets per litter. Analysis of mtDNA mutations in sows is an important tool for studying the influence of haplotypes on oocyte maturation and for predicting embryo survival in the maternal organism. Thus, improving oocyte quality through mitochondrial enhancement appears to be a novel approach to managing reproductive outcomes and determining sow productivity. It can be assumed that markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in high-quality oocytes may serve as prognostic indicators in assisted reproductive technology protocols.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Приведены результаты обзора литературы и собственных исследований влияния гаплотипов митохондриальной ДНК (мтДНК) на качество ооцитов и генетическое разнообразие у свиней разных пород на основе анализа полиморфизма мтДНК. Патологии мтДНК в ооцитах возникают за счет действия различных факторов: старение, нарушение обмена веществ, ожирение и пониженное генетическое разнообразие. Установлено непосредственное влияние гаплотипов мтДНК на репродукцию свиней, что поможет лучше понимать и диагностировать патологии, лежащие в основе ухудшения здоровья ооцитов. У представителей российских пород свиней выявлено три группы гаплотипов мтДНК, это свидетельствует об ограниченном генетическом разнообразии. Показано, что у свиноматок с гаплотипами D и E происходит более раннее созревание в ооцитах, чем в потомствах с преобладанием гаплотипов A, имевших самую низкую репродуктивную эффективность. Согласно результатам исследования гаплотипы D и E более стабильны в популяции свиней, поскольку пометы от их носителей насчитывают в среднем 12 и более рожденных поросят. Полученные данные демонстрируют взаимосвязь генетической изменчивости по естественным митохондриальным гаплотипам с количеством рожденных поросят в помете. Анализ мутаций мтДНК у свиноматок - важный инструмент для изучения влияния гаплотипов на созревание ооцитов и прогнозирования выживаемости эмбрионов в организме матери. Таким образом, повышение качества ооцитов за счет улучшения митохондрий представляется новым подходом к управлению репродуктивными результатами и определению продуктивности свиноматок. Можно предположить, что маркеры митохондриальной дисфункции в клетках ооцитов высокого качества могут служить прогнозом в протоколах вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>mtDNA haplotypes</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>oogenesis</kwd><kwd>oocyte aging</kwd><kwd>infertility</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>гаплотипы мтДНК</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>оогенез</kwd><kwd>старение ооцитов</kwd><kwd>бесплодие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg Ö, Jeon J-T, Anderssonet L. 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