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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-797X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-7988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20267</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-4-577-588</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CABXNN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetics and plant breeding</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетика и селекция растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of genes for resistance to leaf and stem rust in breeding lines of spring common wheat from the secondary gene pool of Arsenal collection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идентификация генов устойчивости к листовой и стеблевой ржавчине у селекционных линий яровой мягкой пшеницы из вторичного генофонда коллекции «Арсенал»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-9510</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7177-1334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petin</surname><given-names>Vadim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петин</surname><given-names>Вадим Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>999.source.z@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-6345</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9394-4835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepekhov</surname><given-names>Sergey B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепехов</surname><given-names>Сергей Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>sergei.lepehov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2328-2798</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9642-0889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapochkina</surname><given-names>Inna F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапочкина</surname><given-names>Инна Фёдоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>lapochkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-662X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4974-2310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainullin</surname><given-names>Nail R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнуллин</surname><given-names>Наиль Рифкатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>gainullin.nail@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai Research Institute of Agriculture</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nemchinovka Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Немчиновка»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nemchinovka Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Немчиновка», Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>577</fpage><lpage>588</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-23"><day>23</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Petin V.A., Lepekhov S.B., Lapochkina I.F., Gainullin N.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Петин В.А., Лепехов С.Б., Лапочкина И.Ф., Гайнуллин Н.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petin V.A., Lepekhov S.B., Lapochkina I.F., Gainullin N.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петин В.А., Лепехов С.Б., Лапочкина И.Ф., Гайнуллин Н.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20267">https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20267</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Leaf rust (<span class="myItalicChars">Puccinia triticina</span> Eriks.) and stem rust (<span class="myItalicChars">Puccinia graminis</span> f. sp. <span class="myItalicChars">triti</span><span class="myItalicChars">ci</span>) are the main causes of declining wheat yields in Russia and abroad. Epidemics of these diseases lead to significant economic losses. In recent years, there has been increased pressure from new, more aggressive races of pathogens. As a result, a breeding strategy aimed at protecting wheat varieties from these diseases is extremely relevant and a priority. The aim of this work was to identify effective and partially effective genes of resistance to leaf (<span class="myItalicChars">Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr29,</span><span class="myItalicChars"> Lr34, Lr37</span>) and stem (<span class="myItalicChars">Sr17, Sr22, Sr36, Sr39, Sr47</span>) rust in the Ob forest-­steppe of the Altai Territory for the further development of a set of breeding measures aimed at creating new varieties of spring wheat with resistance to rust diseases in local conditions using modern methods of molecular marker selection. The material for the study was 25 promising lines of spring common wheat of secondary origin from Arsenal collection (Nemchinovka Research Center) with group resistance to leaf-stem diseases and having genetic material of the species <span class="myItalicChars">Aegilops speltoides</span>, <span class="myItalicChars">Ae. triuncialis</span>, <span class="myItalicChars">Triticum kiharae</span>, <span class="myItalicChars">Secale cereale</span> and <span class="myItalicChars">T. migushovae</span> in the pedigree. Molecular analysis made it possible to determine effective <span class="myItalicChars">Lr</span> genes in 80 %, and <span class="myItalicChars">Sr</span> genes in all tested accessions. The largest number of identified genes (5–6) were found in the following lines: 5–16i, 20–16i, 34–16i, 44–16i, 45–16i, 48–16i, 53–16i, and the smallest (2–3) in: 1–16i, 14–16i, 19–16i, 21–16i, 25–16i, 40–16i, 49–16i, 61–16i and 135/10i. The desired <span class="myItalicChars">Lr</span> genes were not found in accessions 1–16i, 28–16i, 49–16i, 61–16i. The results of the studies showed the presence of a wide range of genes of resistance to leaf and stem rust, which indicates the donor properties of the lines of Arsenal collection and the possibility of their effective use in marker associated selection in the development of wheat varieties resistant to rust diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Листовая (<span class="myItalicChars">Puccinia triticina</span> Eriks.) и стеблевая (<span class="myItalicChars">Puccinia graminis</span> f. sp. tritici) ржавчины являются основными причинами снижения урожайности пшеницы в России и за рубежом. Эпифитотии этих болезней приводят к значительным экономическим потерям. Наблюдается усиление давления со стороны новых, более агрессивных рас патогенов. Стратегия селекции, направленная на защиту сортов пшеницы от этих болезней, является крайне актуальной и приоритетной. Цель исследования — идентификация эффективных и частично эффективных генов устойчивости к листовой (<span class="myItalicChars">Lr19, Lr24,</span><span class="myItalicChars"> Lr26, Lr29, Lr34, Lr37</span>) и стеблевой (<span class="myItalicChars">Sr</span><span class="myItalicChars">17, Sr22, Sr36, Sr39, Sr47</span>) ржавчине в Приобской лесостепи Алтайского края для дальнейшей разработки комплекса селекционных мероприятий, направленных на создание новых сортов яровой пшеницы с устойчивостью к ржавчинным болезням в местных условиях с использованием современных методов молекулярно-­маркерной селекции. Материалом для исследования служили 25 перспективных линий яровой мягкой пшеницы из вторичного генофонда коллекции «Арсенал» (ФИЦ «Немчиновка») с групповой устойчивостью к листостебельным болезням, имеющие в родословной генетический материал видов <span class="myItalicChars">Aegilops speltoides, Ae. triuncialis, </span><span class="myItalicChars">Triticum kiharae, Secale cereale </span>и <span class="myItalicChars">T. migushovae</span>. Молекулярный анализ позволил определить эффективные гены <span class="myItalicChars">Lr </span>у 80 %, а гены <span class="myItalicChars">Sr</span> — у всех протестированных образцов. Наибольшее число идентифицированных генов (5–6) выявлено у линий: 5–16i, 20–16i, 34–16i, 44–16i, 45–16i, 48–16i, 53–16i, а наименьшее (2–3) — 1–16i, 14–16i, 19–16i, 21–16i, 25–16i, 40–16i, 49–16i, 61–16i, 135/10i. У образцов 1–16i, 28–16i, 49–16i, 61–16i искомых генов <span class="myItalicChars">Lr</span> не обнаружено. Результаты исследований показали наличие широкого спектра генов устойчивости к листовой и стеблевой ржавчине, что указывает на донорские свой­ства линий коллекции «Арсенал» и возможность их эффективного использования в маркер-­ассоциированной селекции при создании сортов пшеницы, устойчивых к ржавчинным болезням.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DNA-markers</kwd><kwd>plant diseases</kwd><kwd>agricultural genetics</kwd><kwd>fungal pathogens</kwd><kwd>Lr-genes</kwd><kwd>Sr-genes</kwd><kwd>marker-­assisted selection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ДНК-маркёры</kwd><kwd>болезни растений</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственная генетика</kwd><kwd>грибные патогены</kwd><kwd>Lr-гены</kwd><kwd>Sr-гены</kwd><kwd>маркер-­ассоциированная селекция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке проекта Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации «Развитие селекционно-­семеноводческого центра в сфере зерновых и зернобобовых культур — структурного подразделения Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения „Федеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий“» Соглашение № 075-15-2025-186 от 18 апреля 2025 г.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science’s project “Development of a Breeding and Seed Center for Grain and Legume Crops — a division of Altai Research Institute of Agriculture”. 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