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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-797X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-7988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20274</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-4-658-669</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CMYSMM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Veterinary science</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ветеринария</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative efficacy of multikinase inhibitors&#13;
in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in cats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительная эффективность применения мультикиназных ингибиторов при терапии плоскоклеточного рака у кошек</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-9360</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3640-3949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Boris Stepanovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Борис Степанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор</p></bio><email>bsstepana@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4726-6204</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8388-6880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>Anna Veniaminovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>Анна Вениаминовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General, Special, and Operative Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент кафедры общей, частной и оперативной хирургии</p></bio><email>anna.v.nazarova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8981-0696</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1240-5278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Tatyana Shamilevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Шамильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biology, Associate Professor, Department of Genetic and Reproductive Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры генетических и репродуктивных биотехнологий</p></bio><email>kuznett@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-­Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>658</fpage><lpage>669</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-24"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-24"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Semenov B.S., Nazarova A.V., Kuznetsova T.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Семенов Б.С., Назарова А.В., Кузнецова Т.Ш.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenov B.S., Nazarova A.V., Kuznetsova T.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенов Б.С., Назарова А.В., Кузнецова Т.Ш.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20274">https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20274</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of oncological patients is reviewed. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is locally aggressive disease affecting the epithelium. It can rapidly metastasise to soft tissues and bone structures, causing severe pain and loss of function in affected organs. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, for example, drugs with active substance toceranib were used for the implementation of anti-cancer treatment in veterinary medicine. Currently, toceranib phosphate (commercial drug Palladia) is unavailable in Russia, making the use of drugs with similar mechanisms of action highly relevant. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of toceranib and sorafenib tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of FOSCC. The object of the study was 30 cats of different breeds with confirmed FOSCC. The diagnosis was established based on physical examination and results of cytological and histological studies. Computer tomography (CT) was performed to determine tumour localisation and lymph node involvement. The animals were divided into three groups: group 1 received sorafenib, group 2 received toceranib, and group 3 (control) received no anticancer therapy. Some cats in groups 1 and 2 underwent surgical treatment as indicated. The study assessed overall survival time and time to progression. According to the results of the study, the average life expectancy of animals in group 1 was 112.4 ± 29.1 days, in 2 — 98.1  ±  18.8 days, in 3 — 24.2 ± 3.6 days. The average duration of the non-recurrence period in the group 1 is 85,3 ± 17.1 days, in the group 2 — 86.8 ± 13.0 days. Therefore, In the treatment of head-region SCC in cats, sorafenib demonstrates efficacy comparable to that of toceranib and may serve as a substitute on the Russian market. Moreover, modelling anticancer therapy in small companion animals may inform the development of treatment protocols for human oncological patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрено применение ингибиторов тирозинкиназы (TKI) при лечении онкологических пациентов. Плоскоклеточный рак (ПКР) — это локально-­агрессивное заболевание, поражает эпителий и может быстро метастазировать в мягкие ткани и костные структуры, вызывая сильную болевую реакцию и потерю функции пораженных органов. Для проведения противораковой терапии в ветеринарной медицине применяют мультикиназные ингибиторы, например, препараты с действующим веществом тоцераниб. В современных условиях тоцераниба фосфат (коммерческий препарат Palladia) недоступен в России, и применение препаратов со схожим действием является актуальным. Цель исследования — сравнить эффективность мультикиназных ингибиторов тоцераниба и сорафениба при терапии ПКР в области головы у кошек. Объекты исследования — 30 кошек разных пород с подтвержденным диагнозом ПКР. Диагноз ставили на основании физикального осмотра и результатов гистологического и цитологического исследований. Для уточнения локализации опухоли и определения поражения лимфатических узлов проводилась компьютерная томография. Животных разделили на три группы: в группе 1 применяли препарат сорафениб, в группе 2 — тоцераниб, в 3-й (контрольной) не использовалась противораковая терапия. Некоторым животным групп 1 и 2 провели оперативное лечение по показаниям. В исследовании учитывали продолжительность жизни и время до прогрессирования. Результаты: средняя продолжительность жизни животных в 1-й группе составила 112,4  ±  29,1, во 2-й — 98,1  ±  18,8, в 3-й — 24,2  ±  3,6 дня. Средняя продолжительность безрецидивного периода в 1-й группе — 85,3  ±  17,1 дней, во 2-й — 86,8  ±  13,0 дней. Следовательно, при терапии ПКР в области головы у кошек сорафениб показывает не меньшую эффективность, чем тоцераниб, и может заменить его на российском рынке. Кроме того, моделирование противораковой терапии у мелких домашних животных может быть использовано в гуманной медицине для апробирования протоколов лечения онкологических пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>feline cancer</kwd><kwd>feline oral squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>FOSCC</kwd><kwd>Toceranib phosphate</kwd><kwd>Palladia</kwd><kwd>Sorafenib</kwd><kwd>life expectancy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тоцераниб</kwd><kwd>сорафениб</kwd><kwd>продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>ПКР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minochkina ES, Tsiulina EP. Diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats. 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