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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-797X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-7988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20360</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-797X-2026-21-2-280-290</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JRBFMA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Animal breeding</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Животноводство</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracaseiand Enterococcus faecium on the microbial community and metabolic potential of legume-cereal silage</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние Lacticaseibacillus paracasei и Enterococcus faeciumна микробное сообщество и метаболический потенциал силоса бобово-злаковых культур</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9981-3016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gallegos</surname><given-names>Sophia J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галлегос</surname><given-names>София Джулия</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor’s student, Faculty of Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент бакалавриата факультета биотехнологии</p></bio><email>gallegos_sophia@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-8273</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4260-6755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer, Advanced Engineering School of Interdisciplinary Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер Передовой инженерной школы интердисциплинарного инжиниринга</p></bio><email>ololoven@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-4844</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5826-7525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Лариса Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Large Livestock Farming</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры крупного животноводства</p></bio><email>ilina@biotrof.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ITMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 21, NO1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 21, №1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>280</fpage><lpage>290</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Gallegos S.J., Ponomareva E.S., Ilina L.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Галлегос С.Д., Пономарева Е.С., Ильина Л.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gallegos S.J., Ponomareva E.S., Ilina L.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галлегос С.Д., Пономарева Е.С., Ильина Л.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20360">https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20360</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Silage is used as a major part of fodder all over the world. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in silage production from legumes, grains, and other plants, lowering the pH by producing different kinds of organic acids during ensiling, which inhibits undesirable bacteria that decrease the quality and shelf life of the inoculated product. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Enterococcus faecium inoculated together and separately on the bacterial community, fermentation quality and metabolic pathways of legume-cereal silage after 30 days. We conducted a model ensiling of legume-cereal crops of the first harvest cut in the Leningrad region at the booting stage. Three experimental groups with different bacterial strains were added during ensiling (LE: L. paracasei and E. faecium; LP: L. paracasei; and EF: E. faecium). The microorganisms in the silage were counted at 0 and 30 days of ensiling, using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to determine their composition. The DNA of the silage microbial community was isolated, amplified, sequenced, and processed, then used to predict functional metabolic pathway abundances based on 16S rRNA marker gene sequences using the database MetaCyc. LAB genera were presented as minor taxa pre-ensiling, while Weissella, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus were the dominant genera after 30 days of silage. Overall, LE had the most desirable bacteria and metabolic pathways for silage. LP also performed favorably. EF had undesirable bacteria and metabolites, showing the worst fermentation quality. Our results found important differences in predicted carbohydrate and biogenic amine metabolism between the different groups as well. To our knowledge, little information is available regarding the dynamics of bacterial community succession and metabolic pathways of silage prepared with L. paracasei and E. faecium.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Силос используется в качестве основного кормового компонента во всем мире. Молочнокислые бактерии (МЛБ) играют ключевую роль в производстве силоса из бобовых, зерновых и других растений, снижая pH за счет продукции различных органических кислот во время силосования. Это подавляет рост нежелательных бактерий, которые ухудшают качество и срок хранения инокулированного продукта. Целью исследования являлось определение влияния раздельного и совместного добавления Lacticaseibacillus paracasei и Enterococcus faecium на состав бактериального сообщества и метаболические пути силоса бобово-злаковых культур после 30 дней ферментации. Было проведено модельное силосование бобово-злаковых культур первого укоса в Ленинградской области на фазе выхода в трубку. В процессе силосования были сформированы три экспериментальные группы с разными бактериальными штаммами: LE (L. paracasei + E. faecium), LP (L. paracasei) и EF (E. faecium). Микроорганизмы в силосе анализировали на 0 и 30 день силосования с помощью высокопроизводительного секвенирования на платформе Illumina MiSeq. ДНК микробного сообщества выделяли, амплифицировали, секвенировали и обрабатывали с последующим прогнозированием обилия функциональных метаболических путей на основе последовательностей маркерного гена 16S рРНК с использованием базы данных MetaCyc. До силосования роды МЛБ были представлены в меньшинстве, однако после 30 дней ферментации доминирующее положение заняли Weissella, Lactobacillus и Pediococcus. Группа LE продемонстрировала наиболее желательный состав бактерий и метаболических путей. Группа LP также показала хорошие результаты. Группа EF характеризовалась наличием нежелательных бактерий и метаболитов, что указывает на наихудшее качество брожения. Полученные результаты выявили значимые различия в прогнозируемом метаболизме углеводов и биогенных аминов между экспериментальными группами. Насколько нам известно, данные о динамике сукцессии бактериального сообщества и метаболических путей силоса, приготовленного с использованием L. paracasei и E. faecium, представлены в литературе крайне ограниченно.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ensilage</kwd><kwd>lactic acid bacteria</kwd><kwd>bacterial community</kwd><kwd>metabolic pathways</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>силосование</kwd><kwd>молочнокислые бактерии</kwd><kwd>бактериальное сообщество</kwd><kwd>метаболические пути</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование было поддержано грантом Российского национального научного фонда № 23-16-20007 и грантом Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда № 23-16-20007 «Разработка комплексного биотехнологического подхода к биологической защите крупного рогатого скота и продуктов животноводства от патогенных бактерий и их токсинов»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This research was supported by the Russian National Science Foundation Grant No. 23-16-20007 and the St. Petersburg Science Foundation Grant No. 23-16-20007 “Development of an integrated biotechnological approach for biological protection of cattle and livestock products from pathogenic bacteria and their toxins”</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Soundharrajan I, Jung JS, Muthusamy K, Lee BH, Park HS, Sivanesan R, et al. 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