RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries
Editor-in-Chief: Yuri A. Vatnikov, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor ISSN: 2312-797Х (Print) ISSN: 2312-7988 (Online) Indexation: White List RCSI, Russian Index of Science Citation, RSCI, CABI, AGRIS, WJCI, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, DOAJ, Dimensions Founded in 2006. Publication frequency: quarterly. Publication language: Russian, English Peer-Review: double blind. Open Access: Open Access. APC: no article processing charge. PUBLISHER: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba
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Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical "RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Indastries" The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba” (RUDN University), represented by the Vice-Rector for Scientific Work Andrey Aleksandrovich Kostin, acting under a Power of Attorney No 0036-09/25-122 dated 21.05.2025, hereinafter referred to as the Publisher, on the one hand, hereby offers to the public at large, hereinafter referred to as the Author, on the other hand, hereinafter collectively referred to as the Parties, to enter into this agreement, hereinafter referred to as the Agreement, regarding publication of scholarly materials, hereinafter referred to as the Article, in the Journal named 'RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries', hereinafter referred to as the Journal, under the following terms. 1. General Terms and Conditions 1.1. 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The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article. 11. Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University) Address: 6 Mikluho-Maklaya str, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation TIN 7728073720, CRR 772801001, PSRN 1027739189323. Vice Rector for Scientific Work A.A. Kostin
Effectiveness of growth stimulators Zircon and HB-101 in cultivation of four-year-old seedlings of Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc.
Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc.) is a rare and endangered species found in the south of Primorsky Krai, having significant economic importance. The high value of the plant and its limited distribution area necessitate measures for protection and active reproduction. In the article, the prolonged effect of two growth stimulants of natural origin (Zircon and HB‑101) on biometric indicators of four-year-old seedlings of Pinus densiflora were studied. Seeds of Pinus densiflora, collected from the arboretum of Gorno-Taezhnoye village (Primorsky Krai, Ussuriysky urban district) at the end of 2018, were sown in nursery beds. During the first year, the seedlings were subjected to root fertilization with Zircon at a concentration of 0.01%. In the second growing season, HB‑101 stimulator was applied at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.005%, in the third growing season, the stimulants were not used. In the control group the stimulants were not applied. After the end of the fourth growing season, biometric indicators (height, height increment, root collar diameter, root length, and dry weight of plant parts) were measured in seedlings. The study revealed that application of Zircon and HB‑101 growth stimulators positively affected biometric parameters of four-year-old pine seedlings. The use of HB‑101 at 0.01% concentration was more effective and increased the plant height by 16.8 %, root neck diameter — by 71.4%, root length — by 45.5% and seedling dry weight — by 177.5%, compared to the control group. These results suggest that such seedlings are suitable for use in landscape planting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ostroshenko V.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Modeling winter wheat agrocenosis productivity based on multifactorial principle
Analytical and mathematical algorithms are widely used to explain the relationship between grain crop productivity and the elements directly influencing it, capturing the dependence of yield on parameters of active life activity. The application of such statistical and mathematical methods contributes to a thorough assessment of the potential efficiency of agricultural crops. Based on multiple correlation-regression analysis, predictive models for the formation of potential yield were established for the winter wheat cultivars Moskovskaya 40 and Nemchinovskaya 85, bred by the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” and cultivated using technologies with different levels of intensification. Analysis of meteorological data revealed uniform variability in the sum of positive temperatures and precipitation over the research years. A linear multiple regression was identified. The dominant sources that have a direct impact on formation of crop yields are the density of productive stems and the increase in leaf surface area, expressed as the value of the photosynthetic potential, as well as water availability, i. e., the total amount of precipitation during the period with temperatures above +10 °C. The biological yield under the basic technology was determined as 5 t/ha, under intensive technology — 8 t/ha, and under high-intensity technology — 10 t/ha. When cultivating Moskovskaya 40 cultivar, the minimum number of productive stems according to the multiple regression equation solution was 310…315 stems/m² for the basic technology, 615…620 stems/m² for the intensive technology, and 890…900 stems/m² for the high-intensity technology. For the Nemchinovskaya 85 cultivar, the plant density was 330…340, 590…600, and 790…800 stems/m², respectively. With increasing technology intensity, the photosynthetic potential for the Moskovskaya 40 cultivar was 2.8, 4.2, and 5.3 million m²/ha per day, and for the Nemchinovskaya 85 cultivar — 3.6, 4.7, and 6.2 million m²/ha per day. As a result, the adequacy of the multiple regression equations and such influencing factors as photosynthetic potential and plant density of winter wheat confirm the magnitude of biological yield. Ultimately, the multiple regression models provided a reliable and interpretable forecast result, taking into account the specifics of the cultivar and technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zelenev A.V., Kapranov V.N., Tegesov D.S., Mamedov R.Z., Kiselev E.F. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Identification of drought-tolerant bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. genetic resources using molecular markers
To mitigate climate change and support the global agricultural economy, plant breeding and improvement programmes have received significant attention to obtain genetic resources rich in tolerant genes. In our study, twenty ISSR primers were used to evaluate genetic variation for 23 genotypes. SSR markers and the Sanger sequencing method were used to detect drought-tolerant genotypes and identify target gene loci. ISSR-PCR results showed a total of 820 DNA bands, of which 172 bands were polymorphic (117 non-unique bands and 55 unique bands) with a polymorphism percentage of 88.6. In the similarity matrix and dendrogram, genotypes were divided into clusters according to the genetic origins of the parents. These results demonstrated that ISSR markers are a valuable method for determining genetic variation, and identification of wheat genetic origins. Using primers SSR-PCR (Malek 1, Malek 2), genotypes (AB, NF, CL, UD, SA, TB) were detected as having drought tolerance genes. DNA sequencing by Sanger sequencing method of the genotypes, genes (DRF1, NAC20L) were identified in the wild parent (Triticum turgidum L), which is considered the source of the tolerant genes. Sample sequences and genotypes were recorded in the Gene Bank and The NCBI Bankit platforms. DNA sequencing technology has proven its effectiveness in confirming field results and identifying targeted genetic sites in the wheat genome.
Copyright (c) 2026 Walli M.H., Duksi F., Al-jubouri Z., Zargar M., Alhasnawi A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Adaptation parameters of soybean cultivars in the Steppe Zone of Primorsky Krai
High profitability and the unique biochemical composition of seeds play an essential role in soybean production. Climatic and edaphic conditions of the cultivation area have a significant impact on the level of nutrient accumulation in soybean seeds. The research goal was to study promising soybean cultivars in the contrasting conditions of Primorsky Krai for their adaptability based on the accumulation level of protein in seeds. Seventeen promising soybean varieties were studied according to generally accepted methodology at Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika in 2021–2024 (Primorsky kray, Russia). The research evaluated the soybean cultivars for a number of adaptability parameters and identified soybean genotypes with high adaptability. Primorskaya 1551 (2.75 t/ha), Primorskaya 1666 (2.82 t/ha), and Primorskaya 1672 (2.93 t/ha) had high stable yield over the four years of the research. The environmental conditions of 2022 and 2024 were favorable for accumulation of protein in soybean seeds. Cultivars Primorskaya 1673, Primorskaya 1677, and Primorskaya 1666 were highly adaptable. A high level of stress resistance was observed in cultivars Primorskaya 1669 (–3.9), Primorskaya 1668 (–4.1), and Primorskaya 1671 (–4.2). High plasticity was characteristic of (О = 18.4…20.7) Primorskaya 1595, Primorskaya 1664, Primorskaya 1667, Primorskaya 1669, and Primorskaya 1671. The level of variety stability in Primorskaya 1669 and Primorskaya 1595 acceded the standard by 18.0 and 20.6 %, respectively. High ecological plasticity was noted in Primorskaya 1666, Primorskaya 1673, and Primorskaya 1677 (EPI = 1.03). Based on a complex of adaptability parameters, the research selected soybean genotypes able to accumulate relatively high protein levels in seeds under the growing conditions of the steppe zone of Primorsky Krai. The highest parameter values of adaptability were characteristic of soybean cultivars Primorskaya 1677 (37) and Primorskaya 1667 (42).
Copyright (c) 2026 Butovets E.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Variety peculiarities of seabuckthorn seeds germination depending on storage time
Seabuckthorn is one of the most popular crops in industrial horticulture of Siberia and quite unique species for degraded lands reclamation as well as for erosion processes control. In this regard seed propagation is a promising method for increasing the production of planting material. Significant number of papers have been found in scientific literature which describes the varietal specificity of germination percentage and seedling vigor, as well as permissible storage periods. However, most of the data are contradictory, which does not allow them to be reasonably applied in practice. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of storage periods on the sowing qualities of seeds of seabuckthorn genotypes of Altai selection. The studies were conducted from 2021 to 2023 at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies. As research objects the seeds of Afina, Avgustina, Altaiskaya, Essel, Anastasia cultivars and hybrid 185–99–5 of different years of collection have been used. Dry, unstratified seeds stored indoors for one to six years were used in three-year experiment. It was established that the seeds of all varieties with a storage period from one to two years had high germination quality, with germination percentage ranging from 92.5 to 97.5% throughout the study period. These seeds are characterized by rapid and uniform germination, taking between 4.6 and 8.0 days. The Anastasia cultivar showed the highest germination rate; in 2022, 80% of its one-year-old seeds sprouted by the second day. Starting from the third or fourth year of storage, germination significantly declined to 10.0–26.3%, a trend observed in two out of the three study years. Within three years old seed the lowest germination percentage (5%) was noted in hybrid 185–99–5, within four years old — 10% on average. By 2023, after six years of storage, the germination ability of the seeds of all varieties decreased up to zero. Conversely, in 2022, five-year-old seeds had a high germination rate, the same as one- and two-year-old seeds. The data obtained, on the one hand, do not allow us to recommend storing sea buckthorn seeds for more than two years before sowing, but on the other hand, they demonstrate their potential viability even after five years of storage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zubarev Y.A., Gunin A.V., Vorobjeva A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of sweet sorghum for productivity, sugar content and yield in stem juice, and bioethanol output
Sweet sorghum plants accumulate up to 20% or more water-soluble sugars in stem sap, making it a potential sugar crop for producing sugar products, syrups, molasses, and bioethanol, thereby expanding its technological and economic potential. During 2021–2023, comparative studies of 28 promising lines and standard cultivars of sweet sorghum were conducted at the experimental field of Russian Rеsearch and Design Institutе of sоrghum and cоrn in Saratov. The plots were established, and the yield of sweet sorghum accessions was assessed according to the state methodology for variety testing of agricultural crops. It was concluded that accessions with high yield of stems and content of water-soluble sugars should be selected to form a working collection of sweet sorghum. The highest yields were found in the breeding lines L‑104/14, L‑16, L‑10, L‑6. According to the research results for 2021–2023, the highest theoretical sugar yield was established in the lines: L‑10 — 2.01 t/ga, L‑16 — 2.31 t/ga, L‑104/14 — 2.54 t/ga, L‑6 — 2.63 t/ga, which exceeds the value of Flagman cultivar, a more sugary standard, by 52,3–99,2%. The calculated alcohol yield per hectare of these lines was: L‑10 — 1027.1 L/ga, L‑16 — 1180.4 L/ga, L‑104/14 — 1297.9 L/ga, L‑6 — 1343.9 L/ga. These breeding lines exceeded the standard by 52.3 to 99.2%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kukoleva S.S., Kibalnik O.P., Semin D.S., Efremova I.G., Stepanchenko D.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prospects of using antagonist strains for suppression of strawberry anthracnose pathogen
Strawberry anthracnose, caused by fungi of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, is one of the most aggressive diseases affecting this crop worldwide. With the intensification of production and growing demand for fresh berries, the development of control methods that ensure high quality and environmentally safe production while maintaining cost-effectiveness is becoming increasingly urgent. Bioagents represent a promising solution for strawberries, given their short vegetative period until fruit bearing and the fact that berries are primarily consumed fresh. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial strains as potential biocontrol agents against anthracnose pathogens. Fungi of the C. acutatum complex were isolated from planting material using a moist chamber technique and plating on nutrient medium. Bacterial potential antagonists were obtained from the collection of All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center. Pathogen identification was carried out using cultural and morphological methods, with confirmation by Sanger sequencing. Antagonistic activity was assessed using the dual-culture method, and the biochemical profile of the bacteria was determined using the API 20 E test system (bioMérieux, France). The most active isolates were: 0739-Bacillus velezensis, 0084-Bacillus halotolerans/mojavensis, 0075-Bacillus stercoris/subtilis, 0585-Bacillus subtilis, 0089-Bacillus subtilis/Azohydromonas sediminis, 0076-Azohydromonas sediminis/Bacillus subtilis, and 0552-Bacillus pumilus. Analysis of literature data indicates the absence of phytotoxicity in the selected strains. Biochemical testing revealed the absence of tryptophan-dependent indole‑3‑acetic acid synthesis pathway, which is characteristic of pathogens, and demonstrated high adaptability through the ability to utilize a wide range of substrates. The obtained data suggest that the isolates possess plant growth-promoting and stress tolerance-enhancing properties. High antagonistic activity, potential absence of phytotoxicity, adaptability, and growth-stimulating potential make these strains a promising basis for developing a biocontrol agent against strawberry anthracnose.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tsvetkova Y.V., Smirnova A.V., Petrukhina A.A., Domoratskaya D.A., Yaremko A.B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transformation of structural and aggregate composition parameters of fallow soils in the South-East of Western Siberia
The study of fallow lands is of great importance for sustainable development of agriculture. In addition, the materials presented in this work not only significantly complement the previously published works of the authors but also significantly replenish the knowledge of physical processes occurring in the fallow soils of the right bank of the Ob River in Novosibirsk Region. The aim of the study was to determine the structural and aggregate state of fallow soils of the right bank of the Ob River differentiated by age in the Novosibirsk Region by three parameters: structure coefficient, criterion of water stability of aggregates, and water resistance. For each age category of fallow lands (young, middle-aged, and old), the two most representative soil profiles were selected. The studies were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of selecting soil samples and chemical-analytical processing. To identify the reliability of the differences, the obtained data were analyzed by statistical analysis methods in Google Colab with the SciPy Python library. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out based on the non-parametric Kruskal — Wallis and Wilcoxon — Mann — Whitney tests. Regarding the structure coefficient within the arable horizon, the values of this indicator for fallow lands of all ages are at a good level, being in the range of 0.9…5.7. According to the water stability of the studied soils, it is evident that they are actually in the same group, with values ranging from good to excellent throughout the sampling depth. Changes in the water stability down the profile of the studied fallow soils have a similar character in the soils of middle-aged and old fallow lands, as well as virgin lands. According to the structure coefficient, water stability criterion, and water resistance, the studied soils of fallow lands of different ages exhibit generally good indicators of the structural-aggregate state, which is especially important in connection with the dissected relief of the Pre-Salair region. It can also be considered established that the structural and aggregate state of soils of fallow lands of different ages is determined primarily not by the age of the fallow land but by the state of its soils at the time of conversion of arable land into fallow land.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miller G.F., Filimonova D.A., Bezborodova A.N., Solovyev S.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Morphofunctional adaptations of the rumen wall in edilbaev sheep with introduction of soy feed in the diet
The aim of this study was to evaluate structural and functional changes in the rumen wall of Edilbaev sheep when soy feed (30.3% fiber, 16.15% protein) is included in the diet. The experiment was conducted at the private farm ‟Mashrapov” (Amur Region) on 20 sheep aged 7–8 months. Samples from the rumen atrium, dorsal sac, and ventral sac were fixed in 10% formalin, sectioned (5–6 μm), and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Morphometric analysis (n = 34) was performed using a Hariomed IW-A1350C microscope, and the data were processed in Excel (p ≤ 0.05). Feed nutritional value was analyzed at the Federal State Budgetary Institution ‟Amur Agrochemical Service Station”. In the absence of a control group, data from the dissertation by Melnikov SI (2022) on histological and morphometric characteristics of the rumen in Edilbaev sheep fed a hay-concentrate diet were used for comparison. The dorsal sac showed the highest papilla density (80.21 ± 1.27 per cm², +167...300%) and height (3561 ± 14.6 μm, +97...197%) compared to the control (20...30 per cm², 1200...1800 μm), as well as thinning of the stratum corneum (2.55 ± 0.07 μm, –15...36%), indicating enhanced absorption of volatile fatty acids associated with high fiber content. The ventral sac was characterized by thickening of the muscular layer (3577 ± 16.9 μm, +38...79%) and papillae (120.02 ± 4.76 μm), likely due to increased mechanical load. High protein content enhances nitrogen metabolism. The results confirm the value of soy feed as a roughage that optimizes digestion and reduces feeding costs. For more precise interpretation, further studies with a control group and microbiome analysis are required.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karamushkina S.V., Mitkin F.A., Vainberg M.A., Agarkova A.A., Prosekova E.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Esophagostomy feeding in the early postoperative period in cats after ureterotomy for ureteral obstruction
The study presents the results of early postoperative esophagostomy feeding in cats after ureterotomy performed for ureteral obstruction, with initial creatinine levels around 1200 µmol/L. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of esophagostomy tube placement on recovery in the postoperative period in cats with ureteral obstruction. Two groups were formed: a control group consisting of 8 patients, and an experimental group consisting of 5 patients. Initial creatinine values were approximately 1200 μmol/L, urea values were ranged from 51 to 53 mmol/L. Drug therapy was identical in both groups and included analgesia, infusion therapy with crystalloid solutions (recalculated daily), and antibiotic therapy throughout the study period. In the experimental group, during the surgical intervention to eliminate urethral obstruction, a feeding tube was placed for esophagostomy feeding. Additionally, metoclopramide infusion at a dose of 1–2 mg/kg/day was included in the treatment protocol. Urea and creatinine levels were assessed before surgery and on days 3, 5, 7, and 14 postoperatively. The results demonstrated a clearly improved rate of reduction in azotemia in the experimental group. By day 14, urea levels in the experimental group were 6.5% lower than in the control group, and creatinine levels were 7.5% lower. On average, azotemia decreased 11% faster in the experimental group. Additionally, patients in the experimental group showed spontaneous appetite earlier (2.8 ± 0.4 days) compared to the control group (4.8 ± 0.5 days), which positively affected their overall condition. Early postoperative esophagostomy feeding in cats with ureteral obstruction is therefore an important component of therapy, improving the dynamics of urea and creatinine reduction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lust V.A., Vatnikov Y.A., Semenova V.I., Kulikov E.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparison of treatment methods for carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses
The incidence of laminitis in horses is an important area of research. The severity of laminitis in horses is confirmed by statistical data: mortality rates exceed 40%. Full recovery of working capacity after laminitis can be observed only in one out of 6–7 horses. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of various treatment regimens for carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses. The study was conducted from 2020 to 2025 in Moscow at the veterinary clinic of ESC ‟Bitsa”, which also provides equine treatment services in the Moscow region. The analytical part of the study included 173 horses diagnosed with laminitis. The experimental part of the study involved 16 horses with laminitis, in which the leading etiopathogenetic factor was an imbalance of carbohydrates in the diet and blood. The animals were divided into 3 groups. It was found that metabolic-endocrine laminitis caused by carbohydrate imbalance in the diet and/or blood was the most common type: occurring 1.74% more frequently than post-traumatic laminitis, 4.05% more frequently than corticosteroid-induced laminitis, and 5.21% more frequently than laminitis of unknown etiology. Despite the highest overall prevalence of carbohydrate-associated laminitis, it was never the most common form within a single calendar year. Complete recovery from carbohydrate-associated laminitis occurred by the sixth month of treatment when using the third treatment regimen, which was one month later (p < 0.01) than with the first regimen and 1.03 months later (p < 0.01) than with the second regimen. Lameness completely resolved closer to the fifth month of therapy with the third regimen, which was 0.63 months later (p < 0.01) than the second regimen and one month later (p < 0.01) than the first. It is possible that the additional use of chondroprotective agents contributed to faster recovery in animals. The use of glibenclamide reduced blood glucose levels in horses by 2.1 times (p < 0.001) within one month of therapy and maintained this level until the end of treatment. Metformin was also effective in reducing blood glucose levels: by 1.9 times (p < 0.001) in the second group and by 2.06 times (p < 0.001) in the third group within one month of treatment. Considering that metformin is 20–25% cheaper, its use is more economically justified.
Copyright (c) 2026 Albadan M.M., Tkachev A.V., Tkacheva O.L., Notina E.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Study of the assortment of medicinal products in the form of soft dosage forms for veterinary use
The design of new medications and dosage forms intended for the prevention and provision of qualified animal treatment is one of the most important tasks of veterinary medicine. The existing market for veterinary drugs is constantly expanding for a number of reasons, including due to active import substitution. A marketing study of the assortment of soft dosage forms for veterinary use in the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation was carried out by pharmacotherapeutic groups, the number of active substances, manufacturing countries, manufacturing companies, types of soft dosage forms, dispensing from pharmacies, groups of animals to which the investigational drugs are intended, places of concentration of production capacities of manufacturing companies. The conducted research, according to the authors, will ensure the awareness of subject matter specialists.
Copyright (c) 2026 Belousov E.A., Belousova O.V., Novikova E.O., Novikova M.Y., Krotova E.A., Novikov O.O. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Diagnostics of chronic otitis in rats using computer tomography
Radiographic examination is sensitive for diagnosing otitis media; however, this method fails to detect concomitant structural changes in the head. Therefore, radiological diagnostic methods are also necessary to confirm otitis media. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for middle ear pathologies. The advantages of CT include visualization of bone changes, detection of pathological contents of the tympanic bulla, and craniofacial soft tissue changes. A clinical case of interpreting the results of a series of CT scans in a rat with otitis media is presented. The study subject was a 2‑year-old domestic rat with a history of vestibular syndrome and inflammation of the external auditory canal during a clinical examination. The diagnosis of chronic otitis media was confirmed by interpreting the CT images, which showed decreased pneumatization of the tympanic bulla and changes in its structure due to thinning and/or thickening of the bone tissue.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chechneva A.V., Vilmis D.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Age and sex predisposition to cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small breed dogs
The rising prevalence of small and toy dog breeds in urban environments necessitates a deeper understanding of their breed-specific pathologies. Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is a leading orthopedic cause of hindlimb lameness in dogs, yet comprehensive data regarding age and sex predisposition specifically within small-breed populations remain limited. The aim of this study was to investigate age and sex predisposition to CCL rupture in small breed dogs and to refine diagnostic criteria. For the first time, a detailed statistical assessment of the relationship between age, sex, and the incidence of CCL rupture in this specific group of animals was conducted based on extensive clinical material. The research was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, and the VetProfAlliance Veterinary Surgery Center (Moscow and Chekhov). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 84 small-breed dogs diagnosed with CCL rupture between January 2016 and July 2024. The cohort included 14 cases of bilateral involvement. CCL rupture was diagnosed via clinical examination (cranial drawer sign and tibial compression/Henderson’s test) and confirmed through radiographic imaging. Statistical analysis employed interval estimation of binomial probability for binary factors and the least squares method for non-linear correlation. The study found no statistically significant sex predisposition to CCL rupture, nor was there a significant difference in frequency between the right and left stifle joints. Additionally, neither sex nor the affected side influenced the likelihood of comorbidities. However, a stable non-linear correlation was identified between age and incidence: the highest frequency of CCL rupture occurred in dogs aged 6–8 years, indicating a distinct age-related peak for this demographic. While sex and laterality do not appear to be significant risk factors, age is a critical determinant in the manifestation of CCL rupture in small-breed dogs, with middle-to-senior age marking the highest period of risk.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kozlyakov K.A., Yagnikov S.A., Trukhachev A.D., Barsegyan L.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of the pharmacological efficacy of methylprednisolone in targeted delivery using biodegradable carriers in animals
The use of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) in veterinary pharmacotherapy helps reduce inflammation and allergic reactions and has an immunosuppressive effect. Adaptive hormones increase the body’s resistance to stress. The widespread use of GCS in surgical interventions involving implantation is driven by a decreased reaction of surrounding tissues, reduced postoperative edema, and improved implant integration. However, oral administration of GCS is often associated with low bioavailability, and dose escalation carries the risk of severe adverse effects. The development of novel targeted delivery systems using biodegradable carriers makes it possible to increase the bioavailability of drugs, minimize side effects, and enhance the efficacy of pharmacotherapy. When choosing targeted delivery, it is important to assess the quantitative parameters of GCS concentration in blood plasma depending on the route of administration. The developed high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method enables the determination of very low drug concentrations within a range of 2 to 1000 ng/mL.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bannoud G., Ibragimova A.N., Mas-Coma S., Troshina N.I., Karamyan A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0