RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries
Editor-in-Chief: Yuri A. Vatnikov, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor ISSN: 2312-797Х (Print) ISSN: 2312-7988 (Online) Indexation: White List, Russian Index of Science Citation, RSCI, CABI, AGRIS, WJCI, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat, Cyberleninka, DOAJ, Dimensions, ResearchBib, Research4Life, Lens, JournalTOCs Founded in 2006. Publication frequency: quarterly. Publication language: Russian, English Peer-Review: double blind. Open Access: Open Access. APC: no article processing charge. PUBLISHER: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba
The right of authorship belongs to the authors of articles. The authors transfer the rights to use the article (including the use and distribution of an article in the Open Access) to the publisher of the journal on a non-exclusive license (Publishing Agreement (Public Offer)). At the same time, authors remain full rightsholders. Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical "RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Indastries" The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba” (RUDN University), represented by the Vice-Rector for Scientific Work Andrey Aleksandrovich Kostin, acting under a Power of Attorney No 0044-09/20-198 dated 29.07.2020, hereinafter referred to as the Publisher, on the one hand, hereby offers to the public at large, hereinafter referred to as the Author, on the other hand, hereinafter collectively referred to as the Parties, to enter into this agreement, hereinafter referred to as the Agreement, regarding publication of scholarly materials, hereinafter referred to as the Article, in the Journal named 'RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries', hereinafter referred to as the Journal, under the following terms. 1. General Terms and Conditions 1.1. Pursuant to Clause 2 of the Article 437 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Agreement shall be recognized as the public offer, hereinafter referred to as the Offer. Subject to Article 438 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Offer shall be deemed to have been completely and irrevocably accepted after the Author had submitted his/her materials by uploading those onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL:http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/agronomy/author/submit/1 on the Information and Communication Network known as the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Internet. 1.2. Pursuant to the Russian Federation effective law as applicable to compliance with the copyright to electronic information resources, no materials from any site, electronic journal or project may be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, either in a hard or soft copy, without a prior consent from the Journal's authors and editorial staff, which may be expressed by posting a respective consent (open license Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 CC BY-NC) in the relevant section of the Journal's site on the Internet. Whenever any published materials are used within the context of other documents, a reference to the original source needs to be specified. 1.3. The Journal is registered by the Federal Oversight Service for Communications, Information Technologies and Mass Communications (RosKomNadzor). 2. Terms Used in This Agreement The Author is an individual (or individuals) whose creative labor has produced the Article. The Offer Acceptance means a complete and irrevocable acceptance of the Offer under the terms specified in Clause 3 hereof (the Author accepts the Offer by submitting an application to the Publisher, i.e. by uploading the Article along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/agronomy/author/submit/1 on the Internet). The Journal means an academic periodical named '<span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: #101010; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; outline-color: invert; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries'. 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The Article means a result of fundamental and applied scholarly efforts in the form of a scholarly material, scientific review material, scientific message, bibliographical review on specific topics of the scholarly study, and background information on Russian and foreign scientists submitted by the Author for publication in the Journal. The Parties mean the Author and the Publisher. The Article Requirements mean requirements to the materials published in the Journal's section named "To Authors" of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/agronomy/about/submissions#authorGuidelines on the Internet. The Service means publication of the Article in the Journal as per the Author's application. 3. Subject Matter of the Agreement (Offer) 3.1. Subject to this Agreement, the Author shall provide the Publisher at no expense for the copyright duration as stated by the Russian Federation legislation with a non-exclusive license for use of the Author-created Article for the purpose of its publication in the Journal. 3.2. The rights to use this Article as assigned hereunder shall include but not limited to: reproduction of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English in any material form whatsoever, including soft and hard copy forms, as an individual work product in periodicals and/or databases (whether local or web-based) owned by the Publisher and/or any other persons at the discretion of the Publisher; dissemination of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English on any media as part of the Journal and/or databases owned by the Publisher or any other persons, at the discretion of the Publisher, or as an individual work product, worldwide via open access or by subscription without payment of any fee to the Author; making public the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English so that any person could access the Article from any location and at any time of his/her choice (including via the Internet); issuing permissions to use the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English to any third parties while notifying the Author by publishing the respective information on the Journal's site without payment of any fee to the Author; processing, including translation of the Article (including translation into foreign languages), and use of the processed (translated) Article in any manner specified above; any other rights, not expressly assigned to the Publisher hereunder, including patent rights to any processes, techniques or methods, and other means, described by the Author in the Article, as well as trademark rights, shall be retained by the Author. 3.3. No territorial restrictions will be applied to the use of rights to the Article. 3.4. This Agreement shall become effective from the time the Article is submitted to the Journal, i.e. uploaded along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/agronomy/author/submit/1 on the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Article Upload. 3.5. The rights shall be assigned by the Author to the Publisher at no expense, and the Article publication in the Journal shall not result in any financial contribution to the Author. 3.6. If the Publisher decides to refuse to publish the Article in the Journal, this Agreement shall cease to be in force. A decision to refuse publication shall be sent to the Author via the e-mail address specified in the Application. 3.7. The Publisher undertakes, throughout the currency of this Agreement, to provide to the Author the services associated with publication of the Article on the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/agronomy/index on the Internet. 4. General Terms of the Services Provision 4.1. The Publisher shall provide the services to the Author only if: the Author submits all materials compliant with the Offer requirements by way of the Article Upload; the Author Accepts the Offer. 4.2. The services shall be provided to the Author free of charge. 4.3. If any materials submitted by the Author are found in breach of rules and requirements of this Offer, the Publisher shall have a right to refuse to publish those. 4.4. The Publisher shall not be responsible for any third-party unauthorized use of the data provided by the Author during the currency of this Agreement. 5. Rights and Responsibilities of the Parties 5.1. The Author warrants that: he/she is the valid holder of exclusive rights to the Article; rights granted to the Publisher hereunder were not earlier assigned and will not be assigned to any third parties prior to publication of the Article by the Publisher in the Journal; the Article contains all the references to cited authors and/or sources (materials) that are required by the effective copyright law; the Author has obtained all required licenses to results, facts and other borrowed materials used in the Article where the Author is not a copyright holder; the Article does not contain any materials that may not be published in public sources in accordance with the effective Russian Federation statutory instruments, and the Article publication and dissemination will not involve any disclosure of classified (confidential) information, including state secrets; the Author has familiarized himself with the editorial policy and ethical principles published on the Journal website (http://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/about/editorialPolicies) and the consequences of violating these principles, has advised other Co-authors of the terms of this Agreement and has received consents from all the Co-authors to conclude this Agreement under the terms hereunder. 5.2. The Author undertakes to: submit a manuscript of the Article as per the Requirements to articles; avoid using the soft copy of the Article produced by the Publisher for commercial purposes and in other periodicals; while preparing the Article for publication, the Author undertakes to: make edits specified by readers and approved by the Journal's Editorial Office in the text of the Article and/or revise the Article following the Publisher's request, where necessary; proofread the Article within the timeframes specified in the Journal publication schedule; make only such edits in the proof that are minimally required to correct errors made in the Article original and/or introduce factual and momentary changes. 5.3. The Author is entitled to: pass to any third party a soft copy of the published Article provided by the Publisher pursuant to Clause 5.4 hereof for the Article to be incorporated, in whole or in part, into a scientific information database or repository in order to promote academic or scholarly investigations or for informational and educational purposes subject to the Author, Journal and Publisher being properly referenced. 5.4. The Publisher undertakes to: publish the Author's Article, in soft or hard copy form, in the Journal in accordance with the terms hereof; provide the Author with the proof of the Article and make reasonable edits as requested by the Author, where required, following the Journal's Editorial resolution; provide the Author with the soft copy of the published Article by sending it to the Author's e-mail address within 15 business days of the Journal issue's publication; respect the Author's rights established by the effective law, protect those and use best endeavors to prevent any copyright infringements by third parties. 5.5. The Publisher is entitled to: carry out technical and literary editing of the Article such that its basic content would remain unchanged; review the Article and suggest appropriate changes to the Author, and elect not to publish the Article if the Author fails to introduce such changes; require from the Author and/or other persons that the Journal, Publisher, Author and any other copyright holder, as well as the title of the Article, Journal issue identification and a year of publication as specified in the Journal be properly referenced whenever the Journal and/or the Article, including any individual part or fragment thereof, are used by any of the above-mentioned individuals thereafter; publish preliminary and/or advertising information on the forthcoming publication of the Article in mass media and any other information sources; establish rules (conditions) for acceptance and publication of materials in the Journal. The Journal's Editorial Board, headed by the Editor-in-Chief, shall enjoy an exclusive right to accept and/or reject any materials submitted to the Journal's Editorial Office for publication purposes. No manuscript (tangible medium) submitted by the Author to the Journal's Editorial Office will be subject to return. The Journal's Editorial Staff will not enter into any correspondence regarding the rejection of the Article by the Journal's Editorial Board; suspend provision of services to the Author hereunder temporarily for technical, technological and other reasons preventing the services from being provided for the duration of remedial activities; suspend services hereunder in accordance with civil procedures if: the Article does not correspond to the topics covered by the Journal or by any part thereof, or the submitted material is found insufficient for the individual publication, or the Article design is found at variance with the requirements imposed; the Author is in breach of any other obligations assumed under the Offer arrangement; introduce changes to the Offer as per the procedure established by the Offer. 5.6. Unless otherwise provided or stated herein, the Parties shall refer to the effective legislation of the Russian Federation. 6. Offer Acceptance and Conclusion of the Agreement. The Term of the Agreement 6.1. This Agreement shall become effective when concluded, i.e. when the Author Accepts the Offer by sending an application to the Publisher, that is, by uploading the Article (Article Upload), and remain in effect for five years. 6.2. The Offer Acceptance constitutes an Agreement made in writing (Articles 438 and 1286.1 of the Russian Federation Civil Code) under the Offer terms. 6.3. Unless any of the Parties sends to the other Party a written notification of the Agreement termination no later than two months prior to the end of the specified five-year period, the duration of the Publisher's copyright to the Work shall be automatically extended by the similar period. The number of extensions is not limited. 6.4. The term of the Agreement may not exceed the duration of exclusive rights to the Article pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation. 6.5. Whenever the Author assigns (disposes of) its exclusive rights to the Work to any third party, this Agreement shall remain in effect. 7. Agreement Modification and Termination Procedure 7.1. The Publisher shall have a right to unilaterally modify the terms of this Agreement by giving a prior notice to the Author, at least ten (10) calendar days before such modifications become effective, to the Author's e-mail address specified in the Author's application or via the Journal's site. These modifications shall become effective from the date specified in the respective notice. 7.2. If the Author disagrees with any modification in the terms of this Agreement, the Author shall have a right to submit a written notice of his/her withdrawal from this Agreement by uploading it onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review, available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/agronomy/author/submit/1 on the Internet. 7.3. This Agreement may be terminated early: at any time by mutual agreement of the Parties; or otherwise as stipulated herein. 7.4. The Author shall have a right to cancel this Agreement unilaterally by sending the Publisher a respective notice in writing at least sixty (60) calendar days prior to the intended date of the Author's Article publication in the Journal. 7.5. The termination of this Agreement for any reasons shall not release the Parties from responsibility for breach of any Agreement terms during the currency hereof. 8. Liability 8.1. A Party which has failed to perform its obligations under this Agreement, either in full or in part, shall be held liable pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation in force. 8.2. All the data provided by the Author shall be trustworthy. The Author shall be responsible for completeness and reliability of the data provided to the Publisher. The use of untrustworthy information obtained from the Author shall not entail any responsibility upon the Publisher for any adverse effects resulting from its actions based on such untrustworthy information. 8.3. The Author shall take full personal responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the Russian Federation law on advertising, protection of copyright and related rights, protection of trademarks and service marks, and protection of consumer rights. 8.4. The Publisher shall not be held responsible hereunder for: any actions resulting directly or indirectly from the actions of the Author; any loss incurred by the Author whether or not the Publisher was in a position to predict such loss. 8.5. The Publisher shall be relieved from any responsibility for non-compliance with the terms of this Agreement if such non-compliance is a result of a force-majeure event such as an act of state authorities, including adoption of legal instruments, fire, flood, earthquake, other natural calamities, loss of power and/or computer network failure, strikes, civil commotions, riots, and any other similar events. 9. Dispute Resolution Procedure 9.1. Any disputes and disagreements shall be resolved by the Parties by negotiations, and if the Parties fail to reach an agreement, these shall be resolved in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation. 9.2. If any disagreements remain unresolved, the Parties shall settle those at the location of the Publisher in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation. 10. Miscellaneous 10.1. Any notifications, messages, requests etc., excluding documents which need to be forwarded in original form pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation, shall be deemed to have been received by the Author, if delivered (sent) by the Publisher via the Journal's site, including by publishing those, by fax or e-mail specified in the Application, or using other communication facilities. The Parties acknowledge validity of notifications, messages, requests etc. delivered (sent) using the above-listed methods. 10.2. Where the Publisher becomes subject to any claims related to non-compliance with an exclusive copyright or other intellectual property right of any third party during the writing of the Article or in connection with conclusion of this Agreement by the Author, the Author undertakes to: immediately upon receipt of a Publisher's notification, take measures to settle disputes with such third party, and, where necessary, join the litigation in favor of the Publisher and use its best endeavors to exclude the Publisher from the defendants; reimburse the legal cost, expenses and loss incurred by the Publisher as a result of application of a pre-award relief and measures for execution of a judgment, and damages paid by the Publisher to any third party for the infringement of exclusive copyright and/or other intellectual property rights, as well as other expenditures incurred by the Publisher as a result of infringement by the Author of any warranties provided hereunder. 10.3. Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers. 10.4. The Publisher is entitled to process the above personal data for the purpose of this Agreement performance, including for provision of information and reference services to the Author. The processing of personal data shall be understood to mean any handing (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, refinement (update, alteration), use, distribution (including transfer to third parties), depersonalization, blocking and deletion of personal data in accordance with the effective Russian Federation legislation. 10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services. 10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article. 11. Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University) Address: 6 Mikluho-Maklaya str, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation TIN 7728073720, CRR 772801001, PSRN 1027739189323. Vice Rector for Scientific Work A.A. Kostin
Copyright (c) 2025 Pakina E.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Marker selection of promising varietal and breeding material of apple tree
Apple tree ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) is a leading agricultural pome crop, one of the main perennial fruit plants in the world, commercially in demand and widespread in the horticultural industry of Russia, including the North Caucasus region. In solving the problem of creating high-quality domestic apple varieties with a long-term type of resistance to the scab (pathogen - Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter), the role of prebreeding, including research aimed at accelerated selection using the DNA method, is significant tagging valuable carriers of several Rvi scab resistance genes. The purpose of the study was to study the allelic polymorphism of 15 apple tree scab resistance genes ( Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) in 33 varietal and breeding samples of apple trees to identify sources of long-term resistance to increase efficiency of breeding process. The research was carried out in accordance with programs and methods for the study of apple varieties; Research and Selection Collection of Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops and the Instrumentation and Analytical Center were used. DNA analysis methods were used in this work. For DNA extraction, a modification of the CTAB method was used, developed at North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking, allowing for better purification of DNA samples from polyphenolic compounds. The work used 22 markers to identify 15 apple scab resistance genes: Rvi1; Rvi2; Rvi3; Rvi4; Rvi5; Rvi6; Rvi8; Rvi9; Rvi11; Rvi12; Rvi13; Rvi14; Rvi15; Rvi16; Rvi17 . Marker selection of new varietal and breeding material made it possible to identify carriers of several genes for apple tree resistance to scab, having in the genome from 2 to 6 different Rvi genes in different combinations. Carriers of 6 resistance genes were identified as the most promising for selection for long-term resistance to scab: Rvi1, Rvi2, Rvi3, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi15-1 2/1-21-24; 5 genes: Rvi1, Rvi2, Rvi3, Rvi6, Rvi13 - Karmen; Rvi1, Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi15 - Mikhsan; 4 genes: Rvi1, Rvi2, Rvi3, Rvi6 - Nadezhnoye; Rvi1, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi15 - Gaito Gazdanov; Rvi1, Rvi3, Rvi6, Rvi8-1 2/1-20-56, etc. Identified apple genotypes of domestic breeding, including those created in creative collaboration with colleagues from the Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops and Stavropol Experimental Horticulture Station, promising for further breeding and accelerated creation of new high-quality, adaptive varieties with long-term high potential for resistance to the main fungal pathogen of the crop.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ulianovskaya E.V., Chernutskaya T.V., Bogdanovich E.A., Tokmakov S.V., Stepanov I.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Resistance of spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. to leaf rust under the conditions of the Central Non-Black-Earth region
The results of experimental studies on field resistance of spring common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) varieties to leaf rust in the Central Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of Russia were described. Fifteen spring wheat varieties were evaluated under field conditions from 2021 to 2024. The study aimed to analyze the yield performance of these varieties depending on the effectiveness of resistance genes (Lr genes) against leaf rust in the Central Non-Black Earth region of Russia. A search for relevant publications and identification of Lr genes in the varieties was conducted using databases such as Wheatpedigree, Scopus, NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, RSCI, and Cyberleninka. Resistance to brown rust was assessed using the 9-point VIR scale. The results showed that in years with favorable weather conditions from sprouting to heading, resistance to leaf rust positively influenced grain yield. However, during drought periods, this resistance had no significant effect on yield. Lr resistance genes in the studied varieties provided relatively effective protection in years with low infection pressure, but were insufficient during epidemic years. Therefore, more effective genes or their combinations should be considered when developing new varieties for the Central Non-Black Earth region of Russia. The most effective resistance genes identified from 2021 to 2024 were Lr19 + Lr6 (from the donor variety Tulaykovskaya 108) and Lr21 (from the donor variety Granny).
Copyright (c) 2025 Najodov B.B., Rubets V.S., Divashuk M.G. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Characteristics of selection traits in new accessions of spring barley Hordeum vulgare L. in the conditions of North-West Russia
The research was conducted in 2020-2021 at Leningrad Research Institute ‘Belogorka’ - a branch of Russian Potato Research Centre, located in the village of Belogorka, Gatchina district, Leningrad region. The research was carried out to identify sources of economically valuable traits from the collection of Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources on the main elements of crop structure to create valuable breeding material for spring barley. In accordance with the Methodological Guidelines for the Study and Preservation of the World Collection of Barley and Oats (2012) and the International comecon list of descriptors for genus Hordeum L. (1983), 17 new spring barley cultivars of different ecological and geographical origins were studied over two years. Two cultivars were used as standards - Suzdalets (by yield) selected by several organizations and Leningradsky (by early ripening) selected by Leningrad Research Agricultural Institute ‘Belogorka’. The standard cv. Leningradsky surpassed cv. Magutny (Belarus) by early ripening in both years. 7 cultivars were identified (Dhow, Dokuchaevsky 15, Lun, Magutny, Mustang, J.B. Maltasia, and Kazak), for which maturation occurred 5-14 days earlier compared to standard cv. Suzdalets (growing season averaged 81 days over two years). According to productive tillers, 3 cultivars were identified that exceeded the standard cv. Suzdalets (3.0 plants): Magutny - by 0.3, Dhow - by 0.5 and J.B. Maltasia - by 0.6 plants. By weight of 1000 grains (more than 45.9 g), 6 varieties were identified: Rubiola, Shlyakhtsich, Beatrice, Magutny, Kazak and Lun. A cultivar resistant to powdery mildew in both years of study was distinguished - J.B. Maltasia. The selected cultivars will be used in the breeding process as genetic sources of agronomic traits in the conditions of the Leningrad region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Radyukevich T.N., Kartasheva L.I., Pasynkova E.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Food security in the Russian Federation: realization of domestic demands amid export opportunities expansion
The research is devoted to the issues of ensuring food security of the Russian Federation and its strategic priorities of development. The regulatory and legal framework that determines the processes of organizing and ensuring food security was studied. The current state of food resources of Russia and its food balances were discussed. The level of self-sufficiency of the country in agricultural and food products was assessed. The volumes of agricultural production in farms of all categories both in the segment of livestock production and crop production were given. The dynamics of changes in the index of agricultural production was shown, the possibilities of increasing trade in certain types of agricultural goods and foodstuffs in Russia were determined. Special attention was paid to the issues of achieving technological independence of the Russian Federation, namely, the development of domestic breeding base in order to obtain its own cultivars and hybrids necessary to increase the level of crop yields and the development of livestock breeding was of particular importance. Moreover, the research contains the indicators of self-sufficiency level by key types of food in 2019-2023 as well as indicators inherent in federal districts of Russia amid numerous foreign restrictions. In conclusion, it was noted that in Russia there are conditions contributing to agricultural sector development and responding to modern challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Popova V.N., Zhivalov V.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Technology of green cuttings of woody plants for landscaping arctic cities
For landscaping of northern cities, requirement for ornamental plants resistant to urban conditions is increasing, so there is a need to find a solution for multiplication at commercial scale. A technology of green cuttings of woody plants ( Syringa josikaea and Spiraea media ) has been developed as one of the promising methods of vegetative propagation of deciduous ornamental species in the Arctic region. The terms of cuttings (at the beginning of shoot lignification) have been established: for Spiraea media - July 1-10; for Syringa josikaea - July 10-25. A positive effect of the growth stimulator IBA 1000 ppm on the development of the root system and the above-ground part of the cuttings was determined with 6-hour and 12-hour treatment. It was shown that a longer treatment period (12 hours) was more effective. The length of the roots of Syringa josikaea exceeded the control with a 6-hour treatment by 52%; at 12 hours by 89%; in Spiraea media - by 27 and 42%, respectively. In both species the number of roots increased by 32-34% with a longer exposure. The treatment of cuttings for 12-hour significantly increased the formation of leaves on the cuttings of Syringa josikaea ( r = 0.87 p < 0.001) and Spiraea media ( r = 0.89 p < 0.001). The results revealed that the cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm (12h) registered maximum survival percentage of rooted cuttings of Syringa josikaea (95.1%) and Spiraea media (75.2%).
Copyright (c) 2025 Saltan N.V., Sviatkovskaya E.A., Zavodskikh M.S., Korneykova M.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Microbial community of the Coastal Zone of Kola Bay under anthropogenic impact
This study presents the results of a comprehensive research of the composition and structure of microbial communities in the coastal soils of Kola Bay, Barents Sea, under conditions of anthropogenic pollution. A general decline in the taxonomic and functional diversity of microbial communities was observed. The most diverse and stable microbial community was found in the supralittoral zone soil, which is less affected by chemical pollution and subjected only to recreational pressure. The taxonomic structure of the microbiome in the oil-polluted zone showed an increased ratio of Proteobacteria among bacteria and Sordariomycetes among fungi, along with a decrease in community diversity and evenness. High levels of oil and heavy metal contamination led to an increased ratio of bacterial groups adapted to anaerobic conditions and parasitic groups of microscopic fungi. Significant positive correlations were found between oil product content and bacterial groups involved in sulfur oxidation, and negative correlations with nitrogen-cycle microorganisms and mycorrhizal fungi. A positive relationship was identified between mycorrhizal fungi and mineral nutrient elements, and a negative relationship between nitrogen-cycle functional groups and heavy metal content (Cr, Fe, Ni, As, Se, Mo). A decline in the abundance of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria was noted in the oil-contaminated area, possibly indicating high toxicity of the pollution and insufficient efficiency of anaerobic degradation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kozlova E.V., Myazin V.A., Murzaeva M.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Meat qualitative composition of broiler chickens and feed digestibility when introducing a new organo-mineral feed additive into the diet as an alternative to antibiotics
The search for alternative approaches to poultry farming aimed at improving the quality of meat and promoting health without the use of antibiotics is a vital task of modern poultry farming. Among the promising areas is the use as an alternative to antibiotics of complex multifunctional feed additives based on prebiotics, organic acids, and mineral components that contribute to the formation of healthy intestinal microflora, increasing the nonspecific resistance of poultry, as well as the quality of meat and productivity. The study is aimed at studying the effect of a new organo-mineral feed additive (OMFA) containing a prebiotic (lactulose), ultrafine silica dioxide particles, organic and amino acids, on the digestibility of nutrients, elemental, and amino acid composition of broiler chicken meat. The inclusion in the diet of a 4-component OMFA from the age of 7 and 15 days has a positive effect on nutrient absorption. An increase in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extractives was noted. Early feeding period reduces the digestibility of crude fiber. The use of OMFA leads to an increase in the concentration of certain macro- and microelements in the tissues of broiler chickens, which has a positive effect on the quality of meat. The inclusion of OMFA in the diet is an effective way to optimize protein and fat metabolism, contributing to an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in the percentage of body fat. The ingredients of the feed additive increase the level of amino acids, which favorably affect the properties and nutritional value of broiler meat. When choosing the composition of the additive and the timing of feeding (from the age of 7 and 15 days), it is recommended to use a four-component OMFA for broiler chickens from the age of 15 days.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivanishcheva A.P., Sizova E.A., Kholodilina T.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Heat stress as a problem in the livestock industry
Under changing climate conditions, modern livestock production systems are becoming increasingly vulnerable, and highly productive animals are quite demanding in terms of housing and management conditions. An analysis of scientific studies dedicated to the problem of global warming and its impact on the dairy and beef cattle industries has been conducted. The research materials presented address the effects of heat stress on animals, noting the limited number of studies and the inconsistency of information available in the literature. Developments offering specific tools to mitigate the consequences of global warming for livestock enterprises are either absent or ineffective under the natural and climatic conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
Copyright (c) 2025 Temirdasheva K.A., Gukezhev V.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mitochondrial haplotypes: the effect of reproductive disorders in pigs
The study presents the results of a literature review and original research on the influence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes on oocyte quality and genetic diversity in pigs of different breeds, based on the analysis of mtDNA polymorphism. mtDNA pathologies in oocytes arise from various factors such as aging, metabolic disorders, obesity, and reduced genetic diversity. A direct effect of mtDNA haplotypes on pig reproduction has been established, which contributes to a better understanding and diagnosis of pathologies underlying oocyte health deterioration. Three groups of mtDNA haplotypes were identified in Russian pig breeds, indicating limited genetic diversity. It was shown that sows with haplotypes D and E exhibit earlier oocyte maturation compared with offspring predominated by haplotype A, which demonstrated the lowest reproductive efficiency. According to the results, haplotypes D and E are more stable in pig populations, as litters from their carriers averaged 12 or more piglets born. The obtained data demonstrate a correlation between genetic variability in natural mitochondrial haplotypes and the number of piglets per litter. Analysis of mtDNA mutations in sows is an important tool for studying the influence of haplotypes on oocyte maturation and for predicting embryo survival in the maternal organism. Thus, improving oocyte quality through mitochondrial enhancement appears to be a novel approach to managing reproductive outcomes and determining sow productivity. It can be assumed that markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in high-quality oocytes may serve as prognostic indicators in assisted reproductive technology protocols.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akopyan N.A., Gildikov D.I., Selivanova I.R. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Association of A80V, R25C, AND Y7F leptin gene sites with productive longevity duration in Kholmogory cows
In modern dairy farming, the study of genetic factors affecting the productive longevity and milk productivity of cattle is relevant. The leptin gene, involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, is a promising marker for selection. However, the influence of its polymorphism complex genotypes (A80V, R25C, Y7F) on the productivity and longevity of animals has not been sufficiently studied, which determines the importance of this research. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the leptin gene complex genotypes at sites A80V, R25C, Y7F on the milk productivity indicators and the duration of economic use of Kholmogory cattle. The study was conducted on 207 Kholmogory breed cows, divided into groups with different complex genotypes. For statistical analysis, the number of animals in the compared groups was equalized: 13 heads per group for the study of lifetime milk productivity and 19 heads per group for the assessment of the duration of use. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP, and statistical processing was carried out using non-parametric methods (Mann - Whitney U test). Lifetime daily milk yield, milk fat and protein content, age at culling, and lifetime milking days (LMD) were analyzed. It was revealed that the AVRCYY genotype is associated with the maximum daily milk yield (22.04 kg) and the highest number of LMD (2032 days), indicating its positive influence on productive longevity. The lowest indicators were noted for the AVCCYY genotype (194 LMD). Significant differences in milk fat content were found between groups AACCYY, AARCYY, AARRYY, and AVCCYY. The AACCYY genotype showed the highest protein content (3.23%), but the lowest milk yield. Differences in the structure of culling reasons were also identified: gynecological diseases prevailed in animals with the AVCCYY genotype combination, while limb diseases prevailed in animals with the AVRCYY complex genotype. The results of the study demonstrate the significance of a comprehensive analysis of leptin gene genotypes for dairy cattle selection. The AVRCYY genotype can be recommended as a marker for increased productive longevity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khudyakova N.A., Kozhevnikova I.S., Klassen I.A., Stupina A.O., Kalmykova M.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Experimental validation of the use of surgical adhesives on the stomach in rabbits
The application of supplementary hemostatic techniques for the prevention of postoperative complications is becoming increasingly widespread. In cardiovascular surgery, wound sealing using surgical adhesives has proven effective; however, this method is rarely applied in gastrointestinal procedures. The present study examined various surgical adhesives and evaluated different approaches to closing gastrotomy wounds in rabbits using latex-based tissue adhesive and gelatin-resorcinol adhesive. A comparative analysis of these adhesives was performed based on their clinical efficacy, as well as pathological and histological findings. Clinically healthy laboratory rabbits were selected as experimental subjects. Surgical interventions were performed identically across all groups, with the only difference being the type of adhesive used. Postoperative monitoring included clinical examinations, pathological assessments, histological analyses, and hematological testing. Hematological studies revealed no correlation between the type of surgical adhesive and blood parameters. The study concludes that gelatin-resorcinol surgical adhesive represents the optimal choice for additional sealing of sutures. The research was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Surgery, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin.
Copyright (c) 2025 Inapshba K.T., Kachalin M.D., Borhunova E.N., Kislinovskaya N.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Clinical features of brain tumors in dogs in the Moscow region: a retrospective study
For the first time in the history of Russian veterinary medicine, a retrospective analysis of the clinical features of brain tumors (BT) in dogs was carried out. The study was conducted in the Moscow region in 2018-2024 on the basis of the Biocontrol veterinary clinic. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency, localization and clinical manifestations of BT. The data of 54,142 dogs were analyzed, of which 150 had BT (1.2% of oncological cases, 0.28% of the total number of patients). The average age was 9.4 years. Most often, BT was recorded in cross-breed, French bulldogs, Cane Corso and German shepherds. Brachycephalic breeds showed a predisposition to intra-axial lesions, mesocephalic to extra-axial. There was no gender predisposition. The main clinical manifestations included convulsions, ataxia, paresis and changes in consciousness depending on the location of the tumor. The median tumor volume was 6 cm³ for extra-axial and 9.4 cm³ for intra-axial lesions. Histological verification was performed in 23 patients. Diagnosis was carried out using MRI (1.5 Tesla), histology and immunohistochemistry. The study showed the need for histological analysis of BT for accurate typing of lesions and emphasized the importance of developing methods of imaging and invasive diagnosis in veterinary medicine. The data obtained partially differ from foreign ones, which is due to the difference in the breed sampling of the dog population. Unique results can serve as a basis for the development of standardized protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of canine BT.
Copyright (c) 2025 Glazov N.A., Vatnikov Y.A., Yakunina M.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0