Biocidal activity of the extracts of Vernonia amygdalina against ticks responsible for livestock diseases

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Abstract

Biocidal activity of Vernonia amygdalina was assessed on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks responsible for livestock diseases in North and South-Kivu provinces. In vitro trials were conducted in the laboratory of Lwiro Research Center for Natural Sciences to determine the lethal dose for different days after ticks contact with extracts. Five different dosages of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 g/mL were evaluated. Water was considered as positive control and Batycol as negative control. The phytochemical screening of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina plant shows that this plant contains several substances responsible for acaricidal activity, mainly saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. The experiment shows a mortality rate that varies with the concentration of the extracts; the most fatal is 20 g/mL and decreases with exposure time. The aqueous extracts showed a progressive decrease in mortality compared to ethanol extracts. This is due to the dissolution of the substances responsible for this insecticidal activity. The study recommends the application of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in the fight against cattle ticks. Indeed, this is a natural insecticide available and easier to prepare, non-toxic to humans and is rapidly degraded in the environment.

About the authors

Muhimuzi Bisusa

Research Center in Natural Sciences

Email: bisusamuhimuzi@gmail.com
Researcher in Environmental Sciences, Head of Veterinary Entomology Laboratory, Research Associate D.S. Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo

Mashimango Bagalwa

Research Center in Natural Sciences; Evangelical University in Africa

Email: mashibagalwa@gmail.com
PhD at Makerere University, Head of the Malaria Laboratory, Researcher, NSRF, Research Center in Natural Sciences, CRSN-Lwiro; Research Associate, Evangelical University in Africa, Faculty of Agronomy and Environment D.S. Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo

Dieudonné N Zirirane

Evangelical University in Africa

Email: didozirirane@gmail.com
Master's degree in Environment, Faculty of Agronomy Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo

Nachigera Mushagalusa

Evangelical University in Africa; Higher Institute of Rural Development

Email: mushagalusa2007@yahoo.fr
PhD, Faculty of Agronomy; Higher Institute of Rural Development Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo

Katcho Karume

Evangelical University in Africa; Goma Volcanological Observatory

Email: kkatcho@yahoo.com
PhD, Goma Volcanic Observatory, Department of Geochemistry and Environment; Ordinary Professor, Dean of Agronomy Faculty Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Copyright (c) 2019 Bisusa M., Bagalwa M., Zirirane D.N., Mushagalusa N., Karume K.

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