Increasing efficiency of irrigation reclamation in potato and soybean agrocenoses using sludge

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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to assess effect of different doses of wastewater sludge on productivity of irrigation water use by agrocenoses of potatoes (Zhukovsky rannii) and soybeans (VNIIOZ 31), on their yield, as well as the index of soil contamination and seed production. Agrometeorological conditions of the periods of vegetation experiments are characterized as dry with hydrothermal coefficient value of no more than 0.39. Considering the current climatic conditions, regulations for watering potatoes and soybeans were drawn up. It was established that application of WWS in doses of 20, 40 and 60 t·ha-1 had different effects on crops total water consumption. In potato crops, irrigation rate varied from 2590 m3·ha-1 in the control to 1850 m3·ha-1 in WWS60 variant, and in soybean crops, it varied from 3700 in the control to 2960 m3·ha-1 in WWS60 variant. At the same time, amount of irrigation water to obtain a ton of potato and soybean yield in the control averaged 124.5 and 1298.2 m3·t-1, respectively, against 118.3…72.8 and 1213.1…886.2 m3·t-1 for variants WWS20, WWS40 and WWS60, which corresponded to increase in water use productivity from 5.0 to 41.5 % and from 6.6 to 31.7 %, respectively. Laboratory studies of soil samples of the arable layer showed that pollution index in relation to heavy metals Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu varies from 2.54 in variant WWS20 to 4.04 in variant WWS60, which indicates the absence of soil contamination. Evaluation of potato tubers for values of starch, dry matter, nitrates and heavy metals demonstrates sufficiently high quality and acceptable level of contamination of the seeds.

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Fig. 1. Scheme of the pot experiment: C — potato/soybean cultivar; K — control; B1, B2, B3 — variants for application of WWS; П1, П2, П3 — replicates
Source: made by authors

Table 1 Meteorological vegetation conditions of crops*

*Above the line — potatoes (2019), below the line — soybeans (2020).

Table 2. Productive moisture reserves in 0.6 m soil layer*

*Above the line — % FC, below the line —m3·ha-1.

Table 3. The structure of the total water consumption of crops*

*Above the line — potatoes (2019), below the line — soybeans (2020).

Fig. 2. Content of gross forms of heavy metals in the arable soil layer of potato crops, mg·kg-1
Source: made by authors

Fig. 3. Contents of heavy metals in potato tubers, mg·kg-1
Source: made by authors

Fig. 4. Assessment of potato tubers quality
Source: made by authors

Table 4. Irrigation water use efficiency

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About the authors

Andrey E. Novikov

Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture; Volgograd State Technical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ae_novikov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8051-4786

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Сorresponding Member of RAS, Director, Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture; Head of the Department, Processes and Devices of Chemical and Food Production, Volgograd State Technical University

9 Timiryazev st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian Federation; 28 Lenin ave., Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation

Anton A. Poddubsky

RUDN University

Email: poddubskiy-aa@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9796-2924

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Director, Agroengineering Department, Agrarian and Technological Institute

6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

Alexey A. Novikov

Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture

Email: alexeynovikov@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7698-8268

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Deputy Director for Science

9 Timiryazev st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian Federation

Roman V. Zbukarev

Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture

Email: zbukarevr@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9237-547X

Laboratory researcher

9 Timiryazev st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian Federation

Natalya V. Bogomolova

RUDN University

Email: bogomolova-nv@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0741-392X

Assistant, Agroengineering Department, Agrarian and Technological Institute

6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

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Supplementary files

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1. Fig. 1. Scheme of the pot experiment: C — potato/soybean cultivar; K — control; B1, B2, B3 — variants for application of WWS; П1, П2, П3 — replicates

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2. Fig. 2. Content of gross forms of heavy metals in the arable soil layer of potato crops, mg·kg‑1

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3. Fig. 3. Contents of heavy metals in potato tubers, mg·kg‑1

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4. Fig. 4. Assessment of potato tubers quality

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Copyright (c) 2023 Novikov A.E., Poddubsky A.A., Novikov A.A., Zbukarev R.V., Bogomolova N.V.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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