Microbial communities of urban soils in the Norilsk agglomeration

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Abstract

Arctic cities are an important and relevant object of research due to the unique combination of extreme natural and climatic conditions and anthropogenic impact. Microbial communities are sensitive indicators of changes occurring as a result of anthropogenic impact, including urbanization, the consequences of which in the Arctic zone are poorly studied and poorly predictable. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological potential of urban soils of the Norilsk agglomeration (Norilsk, Kayerkan, Oganer and Talnakh) to perform ecological functions based on the study of some microbiological parameters. The number of saprotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria, microscopic fungi (plating method), microbial biomass and respiration (substrate induced respiration method), functional diversity of microbial communities (MicroRespTM technique), and the sanitary and hygienic state of soils were studied. It was revealed that urban soils were characterized by low microbial biomass (from 107 to 159 μg C g–1) compared to the background, but sufficient microbial respiration (from 0.28 to 0.64 μg C g–1h–1), which indicates their high activity. An increase in the number of culturable bacteria and microscopic fungi was noted in urban soils and, in some areas, an increase in the functional diversity of microbial communities compared to the background. Microorganisms capable of decomposing easily accessible compounds — carbohydrates and carboxylic acids — prevailed in the community, but the proportion of microorganisms utilizing difficult-to-decompose compounds was also high (up to 20%). The sanitary and hygienic condition of urban soils of the agglomeration was assessed as moderately hazardous. An increase in the number of coliform bacteria, enterobacteria and opportunistic microfungi has been noted, which is generally characteristic of urban ecosystems and is not critical. The identified patterns suggest that urban green infrastructure can form niches for the microorganisms that can effectively perform ecological functions despite stressful conditions. In this case, issues of an integrated environmental approach to solving the problems of landscaping and improvement of Arctic cities, selecting a range of plants and technologies for the care and maintenance of green infrastructure are becoming increasingly relevant, which will contribute to the formation of sustainable and healthy urban ecosystems.

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Fig. 1. Location and area of research plots
Source: created by N.V. Saltan using Google Map

 

Fig. 2. Microbial biomass (a), basal respiration (b) and microbial metabolic quotient (c) in soils of the Norilsk agglomeration areas compared to background ones
Source: created by М.V. Korneykova using Microsoft Excel

Fig. 3. Heat map of the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in the soils of the Norilsk agglomeration in comparison with the background ones: а — Kayerkan; б — Talnakh; в — Norilsk; г — Oganer. The green line is the background area
Source: created by М.N. Vasileva using R 4.3.3, R studio

Number of bacteria and microscopic fungi in urban soils

Object

Type

Bacteria

Microfungi,
thous. CFU/g

Saprotrophic

Oligotrophic

Coliform bacteria

Enterobacteria

thous. cells/g of soil

CFU/g of soil

Norilsk

City

20.2 ± 0.5

47.8 ± 5.2

30.7 ± 2.5

16.5 ± 3.5

0.14 ± 0.03

BG

13.2 ± 1.5

26.2 ± 2.2

0

0

0.05 ± 0.005

Kayerkan

City

32.2 ± 1.3

48.7 ± 4.3

7.25 ± 1.2

0.4 ± 0.05

0.32 ± 0.1

BG

24.9 ± 10.0

25.8 ± 8.2

4.0 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.1

0.01 ± 0.002

Oganer

City

22.0 ± 9.3

35.7 ± 7.5

5.4 ± 0.2

0.04 ± 0.01

0

BG

13.2 ± 1.5

26.2 ± 2.2

0

0

0.05 ± 0.005

Talnakh

City

18.6 ± 5.3

43.5 ± 4.9

0.4 ± 0.02

39.1 ± 13.1

1.3 ± 0.05

BG

28.8 ± 9.0

83.2 ± 12.2

0

7.7 ± 1.5

0.05 ± 0.005

Note. BG — background.

×

About the authors

Maria V. Korneykova

RUDN University

Author for correspondence.
Email: korneykova.maria@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6167-1567
SPIN-code: 8258-4976

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Center for Smart Technologies for Sustainable Development of the Urban Environment under the Global Change, Deputy Director for Research, Agrarian and Technological Institute

6 Miklukho-Maklaya st. Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

Natalia V. Saltan

Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: saltan.natalya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5905-9774
SPIN-code: 6405-0697

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Decorative Floriculture and Landscaping, Polar Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute

18a Akademgorodok microdistrict, Apatity, Murmansk Region, 184209, Russian Federation

Ekaterina V. Kozlova

RUDN University

Email: kozlova-ev@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4325-6930
SPIN-code: 8210-3343

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Center for Smart Technologies for Sustainable Development of the Urban Environment under the Global Change, Agrarian and Technological Institute

6 Miklukho-Maklaya st. Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

Maria N. Vasileva

RUDN University

Email: vasilyeva-mn@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3142-3781
SPIN-code: 9356-2089

Laboratory Research Assistant, Center for Smart Technologies for Sustainable Development of the Urban Environment under the Global Change, Agrarian and Technological Institute

6 Miklukho-Maklaya st. Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

Polina D. Davydova

RUDN University

Email: davydova-pd@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3127-8334

Laboratory Assistant, Center for Smart Technologies for Sustainable Development of the Urban Environment under the Global Change, Agrarian and Technological Institute

6 Miklukho-Maklaya st. Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

Egor D. Berezhnoi

RUDN University

Email: berezhnoy_ed@pfur.ru
Laboratory Assistant, Center for Smart Technologies for Sustainable Development of the Urban Environment under the Global Change, Agrarian and Technological Institute 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st. Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

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Supplementary files

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1. Fig. 1. Location and area of research plots

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2. Fig. 2. Microbial biomass (a), basal respiration (b) and microbial metabolic quotient (c) in soils of the Norilsk agglomeration areas compared to background ones

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3. Рис. 3. Тепловая диаграмма функционального разнообразия почвенных микробных сообществ в почвах Норильской агломерации в сравнении с фоновыми: а — Кайеркан; б — Талнах; в — Норильск; г — Оганер. Зеленая линия — фоновый участок

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Copyright (c) 2024 Korneykova M.V., Saltan N.V., Kozlova E.V., Vasileva M.N., Davydova P.D., Berezhnoi E.D.

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