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Promising cultivars of winter triticale for grain production in the north-west of the Astrakhan region
- Authors: Fedorova V.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 17, No 3 (2022)
- Pages: 251-262
- Section: Crop production
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19796
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2022-17-3-251-262
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Abstract
Triticale, due to its specific properties to form stable grain yields in the zones with risky agriculture, should find wider application in acutely arid conditions. Therefore, the use of highly productive cultivars of winter triticale in semi-desert zone of the north-west of the Astrakhan region is relevant. The aim of the research was a comprehensive assessment of promising winter triticale cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin for adaptability to stressful meteorological factors in semi-desert zone of the northwestern Astrakhan region. To determine the main indicators of adaptability (winter hardiness, plasticity, stability, stress tolerance, genetic flexibility), six promising winter triticale cultivars (Tribun, Interes, PRAG 152, Khleborob, Zhnets and Uragan) were studied. Field agroecological tests were conducted on rainfed fields of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the RAS with different moisture level in 2018-2020. Nelli cultivar was used as a control. The methods of Selyaninov G.T., Zhivotkov L.A., Eberhart S.A., and Rassell W.A. were used for calculations. During periods of active vegetation of winter triticale, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient varied from 0.3 to 0.5 (zone of strong and very strong drought); environment index was from -0.67 to 0.66. According to the data obtained, cv. Khleborob showed the greatest adaptive potential and consistently high yield under various meteorological conditions of the season compared to the other tested winter triticale varieties. Moreover, the cultivar had good winter hardiness (5 points) and survival (90.8 %). On the average for the years of research it showed high adaptability coefficient (1.43), and the indicators of its plasticity and genetic flexibility were 0.77 and 1.40, respectively. Therefore, cv. Khleborob can be recommended for use in the acutely arid conditions in semi-desert zone of the northwestern part of the Astrakhan region.
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Fig. 1. Dynamics of hydrothermal coefficient (GTC) and index of environmental conditions in research years (according to the Chernoyarsk weather station)
Table 1. Hardiness of winter triticale cultivars, average for 2018—2020
Cultivar | Number of plants per m2 | Winter hardiness, point | Plant survival,% | |
Full shoots | Resumption of vegetation | |||
Nelli — control | 296 | 244 | 4.4 | 82.6 |
Tribun | 312 | 264 | 4.4 | 84.7 |
Interes | 318 | 285 | 4.7 | 89.7 |
PRAG 152 | 285 | 243 | 4.5 | 85.4 |
Khleborob | 334 | 303 | 5.0 | 90.8 |
Zhnets | 329 | 294 | 5.0 | 89.4 |
Uragan | 330 | 299 | 4.9 | 90.5 |
Table 2. Grain yield of winter triticale cultivars, 2018—2020
Cultivar | Grain yield, t/ha | Plasticity coefficient | ||||
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | Average | +/– to standard, | ||
Nelli — control | 0.40 | 0.62 | 0.87 | 0.63 | — | 0.35 |
Tribun | 0.62 | 0.97 | 1.37 | 0.99 | +0.36 | 0.56 |
Interes | 0.33 | 0.91 | 1.16 | 0.80 | +0.23 | 0.62 |
PRAG 152 | 0.37 | 0.78 | 0.98 | 0.71 | +0.08 | 0.46 |
Khleborob | 0.89 | 1.17 | 1.92 | 1.33 | +0.70 | 0.77 |
Zhnets | 0.66 | 1.05 | 1.49 | 1.07 | +0.43 | 0.62 |
Uragan | 0.74 | 1.06 | 1.22 | 1.01 | +0.38 | 0.36 |
LSD 05, t/ha | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.19 | — | — | — |
Fig. 2. Coefficient of adaptability for winter triticale cultivars (average for 2018—2020)
Table 3 Stability of winter triticale cultivars, 2018—2020
Cultivar
| Yield, t/ha | Stability
| ||||||||
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||||||||
Actual | Theor. | Deviation | Actual | Theor. | Deviation | Actual | Theor. | Deviation | ||
Nelli — control | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.63 | –0.01 | 0.87 | 0.86 | +0.01 | 0.00 |
Tribun | 0.62 | 0.61 | +0.01 | 0.97 | 1.00 | –0.03 | 1.37 | 1.36 | +0.01 | 0.00 |
Interes | 0.33 | 0.38 | –0.05 | 0.91 | 0.81 | +0.10 | 1.16 | 1.21 | –0.05 | 0.02 |
PRAG 152 | 0.37 | 0.40 | –0.03 | 0.78 | 0.71 | +0.07 | 0.98 | 1.01 | –0.03 | 0.01 |
Khleborob | 0.89 | 0.81 | +0.08 | 1.17 | 1.34 | +0.17 | 1.92 | 1.84 | +0.08 | 0.04 |
Zhnets | 0.66 | 0.65 | +0.01 | 1.05 | 1.08 | –0.03 | 1.49 | 1.48 | +0.01 | 0.00 |
Uragan | 0.74 | 0.77 | –0.03 | 1.06 | 1.01 | +0.05 | 1.22 | 1.25 | –0.03 | 0.00 |
Table 4. Main adaptability indicators of winter triticale cultivars
Cultivar | Yield, t/ha | Stress resistance | Genetic flexibility | Adaptability coefficient | Plasticity coefficient | Stability | |
max. | min. | ||||||
Nelli — control | 0.87 | 0.40 | –0.47 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.35 | 0.00 |
Tribun | 1.37 | 0.62 | –0.75 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.56 | 0.00 |
Interes | 1.16 | 0.33 | –0.83 | 0.74 | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.02 |
PRAG 152 | 0.98 | 0.37 | –0.61 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.46 | 0.01 |
Khleborob | 1.92 | 0.89 | –1.03 | 1.40 | 1.43 | 0.77 | 0.04 |
Zhnets | 1.49 | 0.66 | –0.83 | 1.08 | 1.15 | 0.62 | 0.00 |
Uragan | 1.22 | 0.74 | –0.48 | 0.98 | 1.09 | 0.36 | 0.00 |
About the authors
Valentina A. Fedorova
Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: fedorova59.61@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5998-425X
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Department of Agriculture and Integrated Land Reclamation
8 Severny block, Solenoye Zaymishche vil., Chernoyarsk district, Astrakhan region, 416251, Russian FederationReferences
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