ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ПРЕДПОСАДОЧНОЙ И ПОСЛЕУБОРОЧНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ КАРТОФЕЛЯ: ОБЗОР

Обложка

Цитировать

Полный текст

Аннотация

Картофель является важной продовольственной культурой. Правильная предпосадочная и послеуборочная обработка клубней позволяет получить высокий урожай и избежать потерь при хранении. Среди различных методов обработки картофеля особое положение занимают физические методы: тепловая обработка горячей водой и паром, ультрафиолетовое (в том числе широкополосное) и гамма-облучение, обработка магнитными и электромагнитными полями (в том числе сверхвысокочастотными). Большинство физических методов относительно безвредны для окружающей среды и могут быть использованы без специальной регистрации и развивающимися странами. В статье впервые проведен обзор научных статей за последние 35 лет, посвященных физическим методам обработки картофеля (включая патенты на изобретения). Обзор научных статей показал перспективность данного направления как для предпосадочной, так и послеуборочной обработки картофеля. Физическая обработка оказывает воздействие на биохимический, клеточный и физиологический статус картофеля. Методы физической обработки позволяют контролировать фитопатогены, а отдельные методы (ультрафиолетовая, гамма-радиация) даже способны повышать иммунные свойства. Основные параметры клубней картофеля, на которые влияют методы физической обработки, - это прорастание глазков (стимуляция или ингибирование), поражение гнилью и черной ножкой, содержание крахмала, редуцирующих сахаров и аскорбиновой кислоты. Реакция клубней картофеля на методы физической обработки зависит от дозы, даты обработки, сроков и температуры хранения, агротехники и сорта. Низкие дозы обработки могут оказаться неэффективными, а слишком высокие могут привести к повреждению или гибели клеток и снижению иммунитета, а в конечном счете к развитию заболеваний. Слишком ранняя обработка может повредить клубень, так как после уборки ему необходимо пройти процесс суберинизации (заживления); при слишком поздней требуется повышение доз. При выборе метода физической обработки необходимо тщательно оптимизировать указанные параметры для конкретных условий хранения и сорта.

Об авторах

П Ю Крупин

Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева; Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии

Email: pavel-krupin@yandex.ru
Москва, 127550, Российская Федерация; Москва, 127550, Российская Федерация

О Г Семёнов

Российский университет дружбы народов

Email: semenov_og@rudn.university
Москва, 117198, Российская Федерация

Список литературы

  1. Czajkowski R, Perombelon MC, van Veen JA, van der Wolf JM. Control of blackleg and tuber soft rot of potato caused by Pectobacterium and Dickeya species: a review. Plant Pathology. 2011; 60(6):999-1013. Available from: doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02470.x.
  2. Mackay JM, Shipton PJ. Heat treatment of seed tubers for control of potato blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) and other diseases. Plant Pathology. 1983; 32(4):385-393. Available from: doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1983.tb02852.x.
  3. Wale SJ, Robinson K. Evaluation of large scale hot water dipping and forced ventilation of seed potatoes to reduce tuber contamination with blackleg bacteria (Erwinia spp). In: British Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Diseases. Proceedings of a Conference Held at Brighton Metropole; 1986 Nov 17-20; Brighton, England. Brighton: BCPC Publications; 1986. p. 1137-1143.
  4. Shirsat SG, Thomas P, Nair PM. Evaluation of treatments with hot water, chemicals and ventilated containers to reduce microbial spoilage in irradiated potatoes. Potato Research. 1991; 34:227-231. Available from: doi: 10.1007/BF02358046.
  5. Pérombelon MCM, Burnett EM, Melvin JS, Black S. Preliminary studies on the control of potato blackleg by a hot water treatment of seed tubers. In: Tjamos EC, Beckman CH. (eds.) Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants: Basic Studies and Control. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Development of Vascular Wilt Diseases; 1988; Athens, Greese. New York: SpringerVerlag; 1989. p. 557-566. Available from: doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-73166-2_44.
  6. Dashwood EP, Burnett EM, Perombelon MC. Effect of a continuous hot water treatment of potato tubers on seed-borne fungal pathogens. Potato Research. 1991; 34(1):71-78. Available from: doi: 10.1007/BF02358097.
  7. Abbas A, Arif M, Ali A. Use of hot water-thermotherapy to free potato tubers of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). International Journal of Life Sciences Scientific Research. 2016; 2(2):155-162.
  8. Afek U, Orenstein J. Disinfecting potato tubers using steam treatments. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 2002; 24(1):36-39. Available from: doi: 10.1080/07060660109506968.
  9. Bartz JA, Kelman A. Effect of air-drying on soft rot potential of potato tubers inoculated by immersion in suspensions of Erwinia carotovora. Plant disease. 1985; 69:128-131. Available from: doi: 10.1094/PD-69-128.
  10. Lavrova VV, Matveeva EM, Sysoeva MI. Short pre-sowing treatment of potato tubers with low temperature to suppress Globodera rostochiensis invasion. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya [Agricultural Biology]. 2014; (1):98-102. (In Russ). Available from: doi: 10.15389/agrobiology.2014.1.98eng.
  11. Eremeev V, Lohmus A, Laaniste P, Joudu J, Talgre L, Lauringson E. The influence of thermal shock and pre-sprouting of seed potatoes on formation of some yield structure elements. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science. 2008; 58(1):35-42. Available from: doi: 10.1080/09064710601160243.
  12. Sinha RP, Hader DP. UV-induced DNA damage and repair: a review. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 2002; 1(4):225-236. Available from: doi: 10.1039/B201230H.
  13. Rolfsmeier ML, Laughery MF, Haseltine CA. Repair of DNA Double-strand breaks following UV damage in three Sulfolobus solfataricus strains. Journal of Bacteriology. 2010; 192(19): 4954-4962. Available from: doi: 10.1128/JB.00667-10.
  14. Epshtein V, Kamarthapu V, McGary K, Svetlov V, Ueberheide B, Proshkin S, et al. UvrD facilitates DNA repair by pulling RNA polymerase backwards. Nature. 2014; 505:372-377. Available from: doi: 10.1038/nature12928.
  15. Cadet J, Grand A, Douki T. Solar UV radiation-induced DNA bipyrimidine photoproducts: formation and mechanistic insights. Topics in Current Chemistry. 2014; 356:249-275. Available from: doi: 10.1007/128_2014_553.
  16. Neves-Petersen MT, Gajula GP, Petersen SB. UV light effects on proteins: from photochemistry to nanomedicine. In: Saha S. (ed.) Molecular Photochemistry: Various Aspects. London: IntechOpen; 2012. p. 125-158. Available from: doi: 10.5772/37947.
  17. Tikhonov AV, Tsygvintsev PN, Tikhonov VN. The effect of gamma, UV and microwave radiation on potato tubers. In: Zhevora SV. (ed.) Kartofelevodstvo. Proceedings of scientificpractical conference “Modern Technologies of production, storage and processing of potato”; 2017; Lorch Potato Research Institute. Moscow: Lorch Potato Research Institute; 2017. p. 300-306. (In Russ).
  18. Ranganna B, Kushalappa AC, Raghavan GSV. Ultraviolet irradiance to control dry rot and soft rot of potato in storage. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 1997; 19(1):30-35. Available from: doi: 10.1080/07060669709500568.
  19. Rocha AB, Honório SL, Messias CL, Otón M, Gómez PA. Effect of UV-C radiation and fluorescent light to control postharvest soft rot in potato seed tubers. Scientia Horticulturae. 2015; 181:174-181. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.10.045.
  20. Sowokinos JR. Biochemical and molecular control of cold-induced sweetening in potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research. 2001; 78(3):221-236. Available from: doi: 10.1007/BF02883548.
  21. Daniels-Lake BJ, Prange RK, Nowak J, Asiedu SK, Walsh JR. Sprout development and processing quality changes in potato tubers stored under ethylene: 1. Effects of ethylene concentration. American Journal of Potato Research. 2005; 82(5):389-397. Available from: doi: 10.1007/BF02871969.
  22. Foukaraki SG, Cools K, Chope GA, Terry LA. Effect of the transition between ethylene and air storage on post-harvest quality in six UK-grown potato cultivars. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 2014; 89(6):599-606. Available from: doi: 10.1080/14620316.2014.11513126.
  23. Cools K, Alamar MDC, Terry LA. Controlling sprouting in potato tubers using ultraviolet-C irradiance. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2014; 98:106-114. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.07.005.
  24. Ranganna B. Thermal treatments for short-term storage of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) [Dissertation]. Quebec: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Macdonald Campus of McGill University; 1996.
  25. Ranganna B, Kushalappa AC, Raghavan GSV. Ultraviolet irradiance to control dry rot and soft rot of potato in storage. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 1997; 19(1):30-35. Available from: doi: 10.1080/07060669709500568.
  26. Pristijono P, Bowyer MC, Scarlett CJ, Vuong QV, Stathopoulos CE, Golding JB. Effect of UV-C irradiation on sprouting of potatoes in storage. Acta Horticulturae. 2018; 1194:475-478. Available from: doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1194.69.
  27. Lin Q, Xie Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Cheng S, Xie X et al. UV-C treatment on physiological response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during low temperature storage. Journal of food science and technology. 2017; 54(1):55-61. Available from: doi: 10.1007/s13197-016-2433-3.
  28. Wang T, MacGregor SJ, Anderson JG, Woolsey GA. Pulsed ultra-violet inactivation spectrum of Escherichia coli. Water Research. 2005; 39(13):2921-2925. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.067.
  29. Bohrerova Z, Shemer H, Lantis R, Impellitteri CA, Linden KG. Comparative disinfection efficiency of pulsed and continuous-wave UV irradiation technologies. Water Research. 2008; 42(12):2975-2982. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.001.
  30. Gomez-Lopez VM, Ragaert P, Debevere J, Devlieghere F. Pulsed light for food decontamination: a review. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2007; 18(9):464-473. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.010.
  31. Ignat A, Manzocco L, Maifreni M, Bartolomeoli I, Nicoli MC. Surface decontamination of fresh-cut apple by pulsed light: Effects on structure, colour and sensory properties. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2014; 91:122-127. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.01.005.
  32. Levy C, Aubert X, Lacour B, Carlin F. Relevant factors affecting microbial surface decontamination by pulsed light. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2012; 152(3):168-174. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.022.
  33. Turtoi M, Nicolau A. Intense light pulse treatment as alternative method for mould spores destruction on paper - polyethylene packaging material. Journal of Food Engineering. 2007; 83(1):47-53. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.11.017.
  34. Krupin PY, Yaremko AB, Panycheva YS, Tumashevich KA, Orynbaev AT, Mazurin ES, Divashuk MG. Approbation of a set of reagents to detect Dickeya solani for the quantitative assessment of DNA damage caused by the impulsed xenon lamp. Izvestiya Timiryazevskoi Sel'skokhozyaistvennoi Akademii. 2018; (2):34-47. (In Russ). Available from: doi: 10.26897/0021-342X-2018-2-34-48.
  35. Krupin PY, Yaremko AB, Bazhenov MS, Kamrukov AS, Tumashevich KA, Bagrov VV, Panycheva YS, Mazurin ES, Divashuk MG. Comparison of the effect of ultraviolet radiation of a low-pressure mercury lamp and a pulsed xenon lamp on the genome and proteome of Dickeya solani. Potato and Vegetables. 2017; (10):26-29. (In Russ).
  36. Krupin PY, Mazurin ES, Kamrukov AS, Yaremko AB, Tumashevich KA, Panycheva YS, Alekseev YI, Divashuk MG. The impact of ultraviolet radiation on pathogenesis of the black leg of potato agent Dickeya solani. Plant Health. Research and Practice. 2017; (4):36-40.
  37. Bagrov VV, Ivashkin AB, Gelaev IA, Kamrukov AS, Tumashevich KA, Alekseev YI, Mazurin ES, Panycheva YS, Yaremko AB. Biocidal efficiency of ultraviolet radiation regarding the excitant of the potato blackened stem Dickeya solani. International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 2017;11(4):S882-S886. Available from: doi: 10.22377/ijgp.v11i04.1421.
  38. Al-Safadi B, Ayyoubi Z, Jawdat D. The effect of gamma irradiation on potato microtuber production in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 2000; 61(3):183-187. Available from: doi: 10.1023/A:1006477224536.
  39. Li HZ, Zhou WJ, Zhang ZJ, Gu HH, Takeuchi Y, Yoneyama K. Effect of γ-radiation on development, yield and quality of microtubers in vitro in Solanum tuberosum L. Biologia Plantarum. 2005; 49(4): 625-628. Available from: doi: 10.1007/s10535-005-0062-1.
  40. Salomón D, González C, Castillo H, Varela N. Effect of gamma rays on the germination of botanical potato seed (Solanum tuberosum L.). Cultivos Tropicales. 2017; 38(1):89-91.
  41. Tikhonov AV, Derevyagina MK, Vasilyeva SV, Zeiruk VN. Radiological methods for treatment of potato tubers in storage. Zashchita katofelya. 2015; (1):22-25. (In Russ).
  42. Matsuura-Endo C, Ohara-Takada A, Chuda Y, Ono H, Yada H, Yoshida M, et al. Effects of storage temperature on the contents of sugars and free amino acids in tubers from different potato cultivars and acrylamide in chips. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 2006; 70(5):1173-1180. Available from: doi: 10.1271/bbb.70.1173.
  43. Frazier MJ, Kleinkopf GE, Brey RR, Olsen NL. Potato sprout inhibition and tuber quality after treatment with high-energy ionizing radiation. American Journal of Potato Research. 2006; 83(1):31-39. Available from: doi: 10.1007/BF02869607.
  44. Alimov AS, Bliznuk UA, Borschegovskaya PY, Elansky S, Chernyaev AP, Yurov DS. Germination inhibition of potato tubers under the influence of the electron beam with energy of 1 Mev. Zashchita kartofelya. 2015; (1):26-29. (In Russ).
  45. Rezaee M, Almassi M, Majdabadi Farahani A, Minaei S, Khodadadi M. Potato sprout inhibition and tuber quality after post harvest treatment with gamma irradiation on different dates. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2011; 13(6):829-842. Available from: doi: 10.15406/hij.2017.01.00005.
  46. Mahto R, Das M. Effect of γ irradiation on the physico-mechanical and chemical properties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L), cv. ‘Kufri Chandramukhi’ and ‘Kufri Jyoti’, during storage at 12 °C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2015; 107:12-18. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.08.021.
  47. Dhali K, Basak N, Bhattacharya S. Effect of gamma irradiation on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers influencing post-harvest quality parameters. Journal of Crop and Weed. 2017; 13(2):129-135.
  48. Avdyukhina VM, Bliznyuk UA, Borschegovskaya PY, Ilyushin AS, Levin IS, Studenikin FR, Chernyaev AP. Change of the kinetics of potato tuber sprouting after X-ray irradiation. Uchenye zapiski fizicheskogo fakul'teta. 2016; (3):163701. (In Russ).
  49. Afify AEMM, El-Beltagi HS, Aly AA, El-Ansary AE. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation as biomarker compounds for potato tuber stored by gamma radiation. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2012; 2(3):S1548-S1555. Available from: doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60451-1.
  50. Mahto R, Das M. Effect of gamma irradiation on the physico-mechanical and chemical properties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cv. ‘Kufri Sindhuri’, in non-refrigerated storage conditions. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2014; 92: 37-45. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.01.011
  51. Soares IG, Silva EB, Amaral AJ, Machado EC, Silva JM. Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) after irradiation. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 2016; 88(2):941-950. Available from: doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201620140617.
  52. Ezekiel R, Rana G, Singh N, Singh S. Physicochemical, thermal and pasting properties of starch separated from γ-irradiated and stored potatoes. Food Chemistry. 2007; 105(4):1420-1429. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.018.
  53. Lu ZH, Donner E, Yada RY, Liu Q. Impact of γ-irradiation, CIPC treatment, and storage conditions on physicochemical and nutritional properties of potato starches. Food Chemistry. 2012; 133(4):1188-1195. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.028.
  54. Yu Y, Wang J. Effect of γ ray irradiation on starch granule structure and physicochemical properties of rice. Food Research International. 2007; 40(2):297-303. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2006.03.001.
  55. Chung HJ, Liu Q. Molecular structure and physicochemical properties of potato and bean starches as affected by gamma-irradiation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2010; 47(2):214-222. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.019.
  56. Marks N, Szecówka PS. Impact of variable magnetic field stimulation on growth of aboveground parts of potato plants. International Agrophysics. 2010; 24:165-170.
  57. Vasilev AA, Polevik ND, Gordeev OV. The efficiency of pre-planting treatment of potato by electromagnetic field. Agro-food policy in Russia. 2015; (4):39-43. (In Russ).
  58. Lysakov AA. Electromagnetic similarity of magnetic processing of potatoes. Agricultural Bulletin of Stavropol Region. 2015; (4):46-50. (In Russ).
  59. Gordeev YA, Makarov NB. Preplant irradiation of potato tubers by low-temperature helium plasma. Plodorodie. 2009; (6):18-19. (In Russ).
  60. Statsyuk NV, Kuznetsova MA, Rogozhin AN, Filippov AV. Pre-planting treatment with modulated pulse electric field as a tool to increase the productive potential of potato. Biotika. 2015; (3):10-12. (In Russ).

© Крупин П.Ю., Семёнов О.Г., 2018

Creative Commons License
Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Данный сайт использует cookie-файлы

Продолжая использовать наш сайт, вы даете согласие на обработку файлов cookie, которые обеспечивают правильную работу сайта.

О куки-файлах