Morphological criteria for Pipistrellus pygmaeus kidney indicators

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Abstract

At present, there is scientific and practical interest in the study of morphological and physiological features, criteria and tolerance of organs involved in protein metabolism in representatives of the order Chiroptera. Macro- and micrometric indicators of kidneys in soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), as a result of adaptive transformations of the body to habitat conditions in the Bryansk region were studied. The study was conducted in the period from 2011 to 2022, 40 captures were carried out with a total of 481 individuals, of which 100 were selected for further study. On histological preparations of kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), morphometry of nephrons, podocyte parameters, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, areas of nucleolar organizers and their total area were studied. It was established that biological adaptation of the bats (Chiroptera), on the example of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), is manifested in development of biological properties of the species. The functional and protein-synthetic activity of cells, kidneys (cell volume, nucleus, cytoplasm and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio), the number and increase in the total area of the argentophilic region of nucleolar organizers were determined by organ topography, gender and influence of anthropogenic negative environmental effects. The data obtained showed gender differences in female bats (Chiroptera) of Pipistrellus pygmaeus species living in an urban environment, having a large number in the colony, against the background of a combined anthropogenic load, under the influence of hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen dioxides and suspended solids. It was found that phenotypic adaptation as an adaptation to flight triggers the main processes of biochemical cycles, the processes of endogenous intoxication and detoxification function in kidneys. In turn, it increases metabolism, which contributes to increase in the number of renal glomeruli and decrease in the cavity of renal glomerular capsule. New data characterizing nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, number and total area of regions of nucleolar organizers in podocytes of glomeruli in kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), which may be a manifestation of genetic adaptation to environmental conditions, were obtained.

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Table 1
Micrometric parameters of renal glomeruli  and thickness of renal capsule in soprano pipistrelle

Sex

Colony

Renal glomerulus

Thickness of renal capsule, µm

Length, µm

Width, µm

Area, µm2

Right kidney

Females

1 colony

0.204 ± 0.006*

0.086 ± 0.005*

0.051 ± 0.002*

0.016 ± 0.009*

2 colony

0.216 ± 0.004*

0.085 ± 0.005*

0.049 ± 0.002*

0.014 ± 0.006*

Males

1 colony

0.167 ± 0.002*

0.078 ± 0.003

0.041 ± 0.003*

0.008 ± 0.001

2 colony

0.170 ± 0.002*

0.080 ± 0.002

0.040 ± 0.003

0.008 ± 0.002

Left kidney

Females

1 colony

0.189 ± 0.006*

0.089 ± 0.003*

0.051 ± 0.004

0.009 ± 0.002

2 colony

0.209 ± 0.004*

0.087 ± 0.002

0.050 ± 0.003*

0.009 ± 0.002*

Males

1 colony

0.175 ± 0.004

0.083 ± 0.002

0.039 ± 0.002

0.008 ± 0.004

2 colony

0.178 ± 0.003*

0.085 ± 0.003#

0.037 ± 0.003*

0.006 ± 0.002*

Note: statistical differences between males and females are indicated: * — p < 0.05.

Fig. 1. Structure of renal glomerulus in the left kidney of female soprano pipistrelle (colony no. 1). Coloring according to the method of V.I. Turilova et al. (1998), ×1200


Fig. 2. Areas of nucleolar organizers in podocytes of glomerulus of the left kidney of female (colony no. 1). Coloring according to the method of V.I. Turilova et al. (1998), ×2400

Table 2
Volume of podocytes, their nuclei and cytoplasm, nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio  of podocytes in kidneys of soprano pipistrelle

Year

 Volume, µm³

Nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio, c. u.

Podocytes

Podocyte nuclei

Podocyte cytoplasm

  Left kidney 

  Females (colony № 1) 

2014

15.37 ± 0.03

0.57 ± 0.09

14.80 ± 0.06

3.85 ± 1.50

2018

15.83 ± 0.46

0.62 ± 0.05*

15.21 ± 0.41*

4.07 ± 0.12*

  Females (colony № 2) 

2014

15.12 ± 0.06

0.65 ± 0.08

14.27 ± 0.02

4.29 ± 4.00

2018

15.37 ± 0.25*

0.70 ± 0.05

14.47 ± 0.20*

4.57 ± 0.25*

  Males (colony № 1) 

2014

17.13  ± 0.05

0.81 ± 0.04

16.32 ± 0.01

4.96 ± 4.00

2018

17.25 ± 0.12*

0.93 ± 0.12*

16.32 ± 0.01

5.69 ± 1.00*

  Males (colony № 2) 

2014

15.25 ± 0.06

0.90 ± 0.07

14.35 ± 0.01

6.27 ± 7.00

2018

15.37 ± 0.12*

0.95  ± 0.05

14.42 ± 0.07*

6.58 ± 0.71*

  Right kidney 

  Females (colony № 1) 

2014

16.55 ± 0.07

0.61 ± 0.03

15.94 ± 0.07

3.82 ± 0.42

2018

17.48 ± 0.09

0.90 ± 0.09

16.58 ± 0.01*

5.42 ± 9.00*

  Females (colony № 2) 

2014

15.47 ± 0.10

0.71 ± 0.05

14.76 ± 0.05

4.81 ± 0.01

2018

15.53 ± 0.06

0.84 ± 0.13*

14.66 ± 0.07

5.72 ± 1.85*

  Males (colony № 1) 

2014

17.20  ± 0.03

0.83 ± 0.08

16.37 ± 0.05

5.81 ± 1.60

2018

17.12 ± 0.08*

0.87 ± 0.04

16.25 ± 0.04

6.11 ± 1.00*

  Males (colony № 2) 

2014

15.72 ± 0.07

0.92 ± 0.03

14.80 ± 0.04

6.21 ± 0.75

2018

15.61 ± 0.11*

0.97 ± 0.05

14.64 ± 0.06

6.62 ± 0.83

Note: statistical differences between males and females are indicated: * — p < 0.05.

×

About the authors

Elizaveta N. Karpenko

Bryansk State University

Email: liza_zayceva22@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4765-7216

Assistant, Department of Chemistry

14 Bezhitskaya st., Bryansk, 241007, Russian Federation

Alexey L. Kharlan

Bryansk State University

Email: alexkharlan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0790-7804

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Biology

14 Bezhitskaya st., Bryansk, 241007, Russian Federation

Elena V. Zaitseva

Bryansk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: z_ev11@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1244-3058

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Biology, Dean of Faculty of Natural Geography

14 Bezhitskaya st., Bryansk, 241007, Russian Federation

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1. Fig. 1. Structure of renal glomerulus in the left kidney of female soprano pipistrelle (colony no. 1). Coloring according to the method of V.I. Turilova et al. (1998), ×1200

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2. Fig. 2. Areas of nucleolar organizers in podocytes of glomerulus of the left kidney of female (colony no. 1). Coloring according to the method of V.I. Turilova et al. (1998), ×2400

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Copyright (c) 2023 Karpenko E.N., Kharlan A.L., Zaitseva E.V.

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