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State of Vyatka horse population in regions of Russia
- Authors: Bass S.P.1, Belousova N.F.2, Azimova G.V.1, Gulyaeva A.N.1
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Affiliations:
- Udmurt state agricultural university
- Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding
- Issue: Vol 18, No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 80-91
- Section: Animal breeding
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19867
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2023-18-1-80-91
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WYHFOC
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Abstract
The current state of Vyatka horse breed gene pool was studied in the research. It was revealed that the main array of the breeding stock is concentrated in three populations of three regions - the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov region, the Central Federal District. The purpose of the research was to assess the state of gene pool of Vyatka breed in modern conditions. Population of breeding stock horses both in agricultural enterprises and on private farms was analyzed in the territory of three regions of the Russian Federation: the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov Region, the Central Federal District. According to the genetic characteristics, horses in each population were divided into groups based on the relation degree: group 1 - outbred, group 2 - with distant Fx inbreeding (0.2…1.55 %), group 3 - with moderate Fx inbreeding (1.56…12.5 %), group 4 - with close Fx inbreeding (12.6…25 %). The coefficient of inbreeding was estimated according to the Wright-Kislovsky formula. The most typical horses with an inherent conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District. Monitoring the quantitative composition of the breed showed that the number of mares increased from 73 to 287 heads over the period from 1995 to 2021. However, a sharp decrease in the number of mares (222 heads) was recorded at the beginning of 2022. This tendency creates certain difficulties in the selection process. The largest number of mares is concentrated in the Central Federal District - 83 heads nowadays. At the present stage of work with Vyatka breed the analysis of genetic diversity showed that 43.3 % of the representatives were outbred, it was based on the study of the increase in homozygosity of individuals in a limited gene pool. Representatives of the Vyatka breed were obtained in equal proportions by remote and moderate inbreeding - 28.1 and 27 %, respectively. The most typical with the correct conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District.
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Population of Vyatka horses in regions of Russia, heads
Table 1
Number of Vyatka breeding mares by year, heads
Region | 1995 | 2004 | 2008 | 2016 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Udmurt Republic | 42 | 80 | 103 | 93 | 106 | 106 | 78 |
Kirov region | 25 | 49 | 53 | 78 | 72 | 73 | 72 |
Central region | 6 | 5 | 12 | 52 | 82 | 99 | 93 |
Total | 73 | 134 | 168 | 225 | 288 | 287 | 250 |
Table 2
Register of owners of Vyatka breeding mares by region, heads
Region | Number of mares, heads | Incl | uding |
agricultural enterprises | private owners | ||
Udmurt Republic | 68 | 37 | 31 |
Kirov region | 72 | 70 | 2 |
Central region | 81 | 57 | 24 |
Total | 221 | 165 | 57 |
Table 3
Distribution of active breeding stallions by regions and lines, heads
Table 4
Comparative assessment of the state of Vyatka breed gene pool by populations
Region | n | Outbreeding, % | Inbreeding coefficient | ||
Remote (0.2…1.55 %) | Moderate (1.56…12.5 %) | Close (12.6…25 %) | |||
Udmurt Republic | 166 | 30.7 | 43.4 | 24.1 | 1.80 |
Kirov region | 74 | 62.1 | 14.9 | 20.3 | 2.70 |
Central region | 134 | 48.5 | 16.5 | 34.3 | 0.70 |
Total | 374 | 43.3 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 1.60 |
Table 5
Response to inbreeding of Vyatka breeding traits of different horse populations
Regions | Outbreeding | Inbreeding coefficient | ||||||
Remote | Moderate | Close | ||||||
Typicality | Exterior | Typicality | Exterior | Typicality | Exterior | Typicality | Exterior | |
Udmurt Republic | 7.94 ± 0.17 | 8.08 ± 0.09 | 7.83 ± 0.09 | 8.01 ± 0.08 | 8.03 ± 0,18 | 8.01 ± 0.08 | 7.66 ± 0.03 | 7.00 ± 0.05 |
Kirov region | 7.67 ± 0.11 | 7.82 ± 0.10 | 7.54 ± 0.15 | 8.09 ± 0.25 | 7.50 ± 0.19 | 8.08 ± 0.22 | 7.50 ± 0.01 | 8.50 ± 0.02 |
Central region | **8.27 ± 0.19 | **8.45 ± 0.15 | **8.01 ± 0.02 | **8.75 ± 0.16 | 7.91 ± 0.28 | 8.50 ± 0.23 | — | — |
*Р ≥ 0.95; **Р ≥ 0.99.
About the authors
Svetlana P. Bass
Udmurt state agricultural university
Author for correspondence.
Email: sveta.bass@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3979-1279
SPIN-code: 9931-9891
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Feeding and Breeding of Agricultural Animals
11 Studencheskaya st., Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, 426069, Russian FederationNatalya F. Belousova
Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding
Email: natfb@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0515-0123
SPIN-code: 3579-3225
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher
20 Divovo vil., Rybnovsky district, Ryazan region, 391105, Russian FederationGlafira V. Azimova
Udmurt state agricultural university
Email: Glavira2009@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7300-414X
SPIN-code: 1309-8807
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Feeding and Breeding of Agricultural Animals
11 Studencheskaya st., Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, 426069, Russian FederationAnna N. Gulyaeva
Udmurt state agricultural university
Email: santermnebrat@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0725-8800
SPIN-code: 4413-2632
Post-graduate student, Department of Feeding and Breeding of Agricultural Animals
11 Studencheskaya st., Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, 426069, Russian FederationReferences
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