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Effect of forecrop on yield of spring durum wheat and soil potassium in chernozems of southern steppe zone in Southern Urals during long-term research
- Authors: Skorokhodov V.Y.1
-
Affiliations:
- Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 16, No 4 (2021)
- Pages: 313-325
- Section: Crop production
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19699
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2021-16-4-313-325
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Abstract
The goal of the study was to determine the infl nce of forecrops on spring durum wheat productivity and content of soil potassium in monoculture, double-cropping and six-year crop rotation at two types of nutrient statuses. The information obtained as a result of long-term experiments is of great interest, since systematic determination of nutrient elements in soil gives a correct assessment of the effect of the longterm use of fertilizers on soil fertility. Content of available forms of potassium in soil under spring durum wheat depending on different forecrops and nutrient statuses was studied. The best forecrops for durum wheat in 31-year experiments were black, soil-protecting and green fallows. The yield of durum wheat after black fallow was 1.20 t/ha under fertilization and 1.27 t/ha without using fertilizers. Vegetative mass of cropped fallow ploughed into soil and use of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in content of soil potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on yield of durum wheat; the yield increase was 0.10 t/ha after soil protecting fallow, 0.11 t/ha after common wheat and 0.13 t/ha after winter rye. Content of soil potassium was higher in six-year crop rotation and it increased durum wheat productivity compared to double-cropping and monoculture.
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Table 1. Effect of nutrient status and hydrothermal coefficient (HC) on yield of spring durum wheat (on average for all forecrops)
Characteristics of the growing season | Year of experiment | Hydrothermal coefficient | Average yield, t/ha | |
Under fertilization | Without fertilization | |||
I — slightly arid (HC = 0.8 and more) | 1990 1992 1994 1997 2000 2003 2013 | 0.99 0.89 1.29 0.96 1.51 1.09 0.82 | 3.23 1.22 3.76 1.99 1.38 1.94 0.94 | 2.99 1.17 3.50 2.00 1.26 1.77 0.72 |
II —arid (HC = 0.6…0.8) | 1993 1999 2006 2007 2008 2019 | 0.76 0.61 0.63 0.75 0.70 0.65 | 3.80 1.22 0 0.83 1.37 0.45 | 3.39 1.10 0 0.76 1.16 0.44 |
III — extremely arid (HC = 0.6 and less) | 1991 1995 1996 1998 2001 2002 2004 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020 | 0.29 0.27 0.38 0.19 0.38 0.46 0.50 0.44 0.56 0.15 0.59 0.34 0.24 0.57 0.33 0.46 0.34 0.30 | 1.07 0.54 1.35 0.15 1.02 0.87 0.87 0 1.26 0 1.43 0.80 0.09 0 0.54 1.58 0.37 0.80 | 1.13 0.46 1.16 0.15 0.97 0.80 0.76 0 1.26 0 1.22 0.71 0.11 0 0.21 1.64 0.37 0.77 |
Fig. 1. Effect of hydrothermal coefficient (HC) of the growing season on yield of spring durum wheat depending on nutrient status in 1990—2020
Table 2. Effect of hydrothermal coefficient of the growing season on yield of spring durum wheat depending on nutrient status in 1990—2020
Nutrient status | №=25 | Beta | Std Err | В | Std Err | t(23) | Р-level |
Fertilized | Intercept |
|
| 0.0818 | 0.3378 | 0.2422 | 0.8108 |
HC for growing season | 0.6489 | 0.1586 | 1.9859 | 0.4855 | 4.0905 | 0.0004 | |
R = 0.64 F(1.23) =16.73 Р < 0.0004 | |||||||
Unfertilized | Intercept |
|
| 0.1169 | 0.2882 | 0.4055 | 0.6888 |
HC for growing season | 0.6466 | 0.1590 | 1.6844 | 0.4143 | 4.0651 | 0.0004 | |
R = 0.65 F(1.23) = 16.52 Р < 0.0004 | |||||||
Table 3. Effect of forecrop and nutrient status on potassium content in soil and yield of spring durum wheat (1990—2020)
Indicators | Nutrient status | Forecrop | ||||||||
| Yield | t/ha | I | 1,20 | 1,27 | 1,26 | 1,26 | 1,00 | 1,05 | 0,87 | |
II | 1,07 | 1,20 | 1,16 | 1,21 | 0,89 | 0,99 | 0,79 | |||
difference + or – | +0,13 | +0,07 | +0,10 | +0,05 | +0,11 | +0,06 | +0,08 | |||
LSD05 by factors | А | 0,47 | 0,47 | 0,47 | 0,45 | 0,39 | 0,41 | 0,34 | ||
В | 0,40 | 0,47 | 0,45 | 0,46 | 0,34 | 0,38 | 0,30 | |||
А+В | 0,11 | 0,10 | 0,08 | 0,06 | 0,09 | 0,11 | 0,08 | |||
| Potassium content in soil | Early in growing season | mg/100 g soil | I | 46,8 | 44,6 | 43,9 | 44,4 | 39,8 | 39,7 | 39,8 |
II | 43,1 | 42,2 | 41,3 | 42,3 | 39,5 | 37,6 | 38,3 | |||
difference + or – | +3,7 | +2,4 | +2,6 | +2,1 | +0,3 | +2,1 | +1,5 | |||
LSD05 by factors | А | 2,72 | 2,93 | 3,00 | 3,09 | 2,35 | 2,01 | 2,52 | ||
В | 2,68 | 3,31 | 3,54 | 3,37 | 2,36 | 2,13 | 2,24 | |||
А+В | 2,31 | 2,21 | 2,11 | 2,36 | 1,65 | 1,42 | 1,89 | |||
| Late in growing season | mg/100 g soil | I | 44,1 | 44,4 | 43,3 | 40,4 | 36,7 | 35,2 | 35,7 | |
II | 40,7 | 39,6 | 39,8 | 38,3 | 34,7 | 34,8 | 35,0 | |||
difference + or – | +3,4 | +4,8 | +3,5 | +2,1 | +2,0 | +0,4 | +0,7 | |||
LSD05 by factors | А | 2,80 | 3,46 | 3,62 | 2,52 | 2,41 | 2,33 | 2,38 | ||
В | 3,38 | 2,72 | 2,99 | 2,54 | 2,15 | 2,46 | 2,47 | |||
А+В | 2,02 | 2,34 | 2,40 | 2,12 | 1,83 | 2,01 | 2,20 | |||
Potassium absorbed during the growing season | I | 2,7 | 0,2 | 0,6 | 4,0 | 3,1 | 4,5 | 4,1 | ||
II | 2,4 | 2,6 | 1,5 | 4,0 | 4,8 | 2,8 | 3,3 | |||
Note. I — Under fertilization; II — Without fertilization
About the authors
Vitaly Yu. Skorokhodov
Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: skorohodov.vitali1975@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4179-7784
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher, Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies
27/1 Gagarina Avenue, Orenburg, 460051, Russian FederationReferences
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