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Role of different types of protective forest stands in fodder productivity of rangeland in the Western Caspian region
- Authors: Rybashlykova L.P.1, Sivceva S.N.2, Mahovikova T.F.1
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Affiliations:
- Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- North Caucasian branch of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 16, No 4 (2021)
- Pages: 389-399
- Section: Protective afforestation
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19705
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2021-16-4-389-399
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Abstract
Forest pastures with different tree crown cover were studied. The seasonal dynamics of the yield and nutritional value of grass and twig-leaf fodder of forest pasture was studied. The unsystematic use of pastures in arid territories has increased the process of degradation and has become one of the factors of depletion of their natural vegetation. The use of forest reclamation in the 70s and 90s on sandy lands and pastures in the Western Caspian region made it possible to create significant areas of forest pasture land with strip and massive stands of Ulmus pumila L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Different types of tree stands created on pastures not only improve the microclimate and form a comfortable environment for grazing animals, but also are an additional source of valuable twig feed. The aim of the research was to study forage productivity of forest pastures with different types of plantings on the sands of the Western Caspian region. The objects of the research were forest pastures with different species composition and tree crown cover. Studies on the forage productivity of forest-reclaimed pastures were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Af-forestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research was based on field experiments and laboratory analyses. According to the results of the study, forest-reclaimed pastures with unsystematic grazing had 1.5…2-fold increase in productivity compared to natural ones. The largest amount of twig-leaf feed was formed in broad-band Robinia stands in summer-autumn period. The total gross stock of natural pastures of the Western Caspian region did not exceed 0.3…0.4 t/ha of dry weight, the consumed stock was 0.2…0.3 t/ha. With the help of strip and massive plantings on degraded pasture lands, it is possible to increase significantly their productivity and quality with the achievement of 7 MJ of exchange energy and 0.26…0.29 feed units in 1 kg of elm and robinia twig-leaf feed during droughts.
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Table 1. Taxation characteristics of tree plantations on sandy soils of Western Caspian Region
Species composition | Number of trees | Distance between trees in a row, m | Tree height, m | Barrel diameter, m | Crown lifting height, m | Tree crown cover | |
general | in a row | ||||||
Broad-band plantings | |||||||
Ulmus | 515 | 5.8 | 7.0 | 9.4 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
Robinia | 394 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 10.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Narrow-band plantings | |||||||
Ulmus | 265 | 4.8 | 11.9 | 21.7 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Robinia | 310 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 13.8 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
Savanna plantings | |||||||
Ulmus | 76 | 40.0 | 9.7 | 23.4 | 1.2 | 0.1 | — |
Robinia | 110 | 27.0 | 6.3 | 19.3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | — |
Table 2. Feed productivity of twig-leaf mass of Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoacacia plantings from a height of 1.2…1.7 m
Type of pasture / tree species | Feed productivity, kg/ha | ||||||||
Mass of leaves and twigs with a diameter of 1 mm | Branches | ||||||||
Spring | Summer | Autumn | Spring | Summer | Autumn | ||||
Green mass | Dry weight | Green mass | Dry weight | Green mass | Dry weight | Dry weight | |||
Broad-band plantings | |||||||||
Ulmus | 69.9 | 63.3 | 171.5 | 126.2 | 186.5 | 136.8 | 0.07 | 0.89 | 77.3 |
Robinia | 55.3 | 48.5 | 131.2 | 96.5 | 252.3 | 142.7 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 22.1 |
Narrow-band plantings | |||||||||
Ulmus | 36.1 | 32.6 | 88.2 | 64.9 | 102.0 | 74.3 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 16.4 |
Robinia | 42.1 | 38.1 | 103.2 | 75.9 | 146.5 | 108.4 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 15.5 |
Savanna plantings | |||||||||
Ulmus | 10.3 | 9.3 | 25.3 | 18.6 | 24.5 | 50.3 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 8.4 |
Robinia | 14.9 | 13.5 | 36.6 | 27.0 | 90.6 | 68.0 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 13.2 |
LSD05 Ulmus green mass = 63 kg/ha Ff = 14.7 > Ft = 6.9 | |||||||||
LSD05 Robinia green mass = 75 kg/ha Ff = 6.6 < Ft = 6.9 | |||||||||
Dynamics of grass yield on different types of forest pastures, t/ha
Table 3. Chemical composition of forage from pastures in the Western Caspian region, 2020
Feed type | Content of raw organic substances in 1 kg of feed of natural moisture,% | ||||
Protein | Fat | Fiber | NFE | Ash | |
Woody | 18.41 | 5.10 | 17.93 | 65.19 | 13.45 |
Ulmus pumila | |||||
Robinia pseudoacacia | 22.94 | 4.96 | 21.62 | 61.66 | 7.10 |
Herbaceous | 11.50 | 2.62 | 34.73 | 20.76 | 10.76 |
Setaria pumila 80 %+ Poa bulbosa 15 % + Bromus secalinus 5 % | |||||
Table 4. Feed value of forage from pastures of the Western Caspian region, 2020
Feed type | Content in 1 kg of feed of natural moisture | Content in 1 kg of air-dried feed | ||||
| Feed units | Exchange energy, MJ | Digested protein, g | Carotene, mg | Macronutrients, g | ||
Ca | P | |||||
Woody | 0.29 | 3.7 | 35.18 | 35 | 5.6 | 0.8 |
Robinia pseudoacacia | ||||||
Ulmus pumila | 0.26 | 3.3 | 25.64 | 31 | 3.4 | 0.7 |
Herbaceous | 0.24 | 4.8 | 36.45 | 27 | 8.7 | 1.2 |
Setaria pumila 80 %+ Poa bulbosa 15 % + Bromus secalinus 5 % | ||||||
About the authors
Ludmila P. Rybashlykova
Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: ludda4ka@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3675-6243
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading researcher, Laboratory of protective afforestation and phytomelioration of low-yielding lands
97 Universitetsky av., Volgograd, 400062, Russian FederationSvetlana N. Sivceva
North Caucasian branch of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: achikylak356890@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1068-2677
Researcher
12 Proletarskaya st., Achikulak vill., Neftekumsky district, Stavropol Territory, 356890, Russian FederationTatyana F. Mahovikova
Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: achikylak356890@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6316-6866
Researcher
12 Proletarskaya st., Achikulak vill., Neftekumsky district, Stavropol Territory, 356890, Russian FederationReferences
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