Features of the clinical manifestation of subcompensated intestinal dysbiosis in cats in assessing the effectiveness of its correction
- Authors: Rudenko P.A.1, Sotnikova E.D.1, Krotova E.A.1, Babichev N.V.1, Drukovsky S.G.1, Bugrov N.S.1
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Affiliations:
- RUDN University
- Issue: Vol 17, No 3 (2022)
- Pages: 392-405
- Section: Veterinary science
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19806
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2022-17-3-392-405
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Abstract
Formation and reproduction of gut microbiome begins at birth, while change in its composition depends mainly on various genetic, nutritional and environmental factors. The article considers the features of clinical manifestation of subcompensated intestinal dysbiosis in cats in assessing the effectiveness of its treatment. The studies were carried out on the basis of Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, and the clinical work was conducted at private veterinary clinics: ‘Avettura’, ‘Epiona’, ‘In the World with Animals’. Cats were selected for the experiment as they arrived at the initial appointment at veterinary clinics. The diagnosis of suspected intestinal dysbacteriosis was made considering anamnesis, clinical examination, and microbiological tests. The severity of intestinal dysbacteriosis was assessed on the results of clinical and laboratory studies. During the research, clinical and diagnostic approaches for subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis in cats were improved. Furthermore, effective ways of its treatment were developed. For subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis, administration of ‘Lactobifadol’ probiotic, ‘Vetelakt’ prebiotic and ‘Azoksivet’ immunomodulator showed the greatest therapeutic effect, which led to an overall clinical improvement in 5.50 days. Therapeutic efficacy of B3 regimen was also clearly evidenced by the positive changes in intestinal microbiota and hematological blood parameters during the pharmacorrection. Improvement of clinical diagnostic approaches, prognosis of intestinal dysbiosis of varying severity and treatment effectiveness in cats require will allow to study intestinal dysbiotic disorders in other animal species.
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Fig. 1. Study Design
Table 1. The effectiveness of grade 2 intestinal dysbacteriosis treatment in cats
Аnimal groups | Pool of clinical symptoms during therapy, days | |||
Appetite normalization | Normalization of odor from the oral cavity | Normalization of faeces | General clinical improvement | |
1 experimental group B 1, n=5 | 7.60±0.40 | 4.80±0.37 | 4.40±0.24 | 8.20±0.37 |
2 experimental group B 2, n=5 | 7.00±0.31 | 4.40±0.24 | 4.20±0.20 | 7.60±0.24 |
3 experimental group B 3, n=6 | 4.50±0.22*** | 3.33±0.21** | 3.16±0.16** | 5.50±0.22*** |
Note. ** — р < 0.01; *** — р < 0.001
Table 2. Comparison of the microbiota of the intestinal tract, isolated from cats with subcompensated dysbacteriosis, during the therapy (lg)
Genus of microorganism | Healthy cats (n=6) | Scheme | n | Before therapy | During the pharmacorrection | |
Day 7 | Day 14 | |||||
Lactobacillus sp. p. | 8.70±0.27 | В1 | 5 | 6.16±0.30 | 7.33±0.32* | 8.09±0.25** |
В2 | 5 | 6.03±0.24 | 8.78±0.34*** | 9.62±0.37*** | ||
В3 | 6 | 4.29±1.38 | 8.59±0.31* | 9.39±0.21** | ||
Bifidobacterium sp. p. | 9.35±0.42 | В1 | 5 | 5.69±0.37 | 7.27±0.21** | 9.20±0.22*** |
В2 | 5 | 2.56±1.06 | 8.18±0.61** | 9.61±0.36*** | ||
В3 | 6 | 2.49±1.14 | 9.09±0.26*** | 9.81±0.35*** | ||
Staphylococcus sp. p. | 3.23±0.88 | В1 | 5 | 5.04±1.32 | 3.91±1.00 | 3.20±0.80 |
В2 | 5 | 2.81±1.72 | 2.19±0.95 | 1.44±0.72 | ||
В3 | 6 | 3.49±1.57 | 2.05±0.93 | 1.39±0.64 | ||
Streptococcus sp. p. | 2.56±0.85 | В1 | 5 | 4.13±1.23 | 2.96±0.91 | 2.44±0.78 |
В2 | 5 | 5.49±1.38 | 3.10±0.83 | 2.44±0.64 | ||
В3 | 6 | 4.30±1.39 | 2.68±0.86 | 2.11±0.68 | ||
Escherichia sp. p. | 6.19±0.41 | В1 | 5 | 7.25±0.55 | 7.79±0.33 | 8.09±0.25 |
В2 | 5 | 7.05±0.22 | 7.99±0.26* | 8.25±0.22** | ||
В3 | 6 | 5.98±1.20 | 7.79±0.26 | 7.85±0.24 | ||
Enterobacter sp. p. | 2.19±1.04 | В1 | 5 | 3.99±1.18 | 3.34±1.01 | 2.62±0.83 |
В2 | 5 | 1.10±1.10 | 1.47±0.90 | 1.36±0.83 | ||
В3 | 6 | 5.69±0.37 | 3.40±0.35** | 2.43±0,32*** | ||
Bacillus sp. p. | 1.32±0.86 | В1 | 5 | 1.67±1.07 | 1.60±1.01 | 1.58±0.99 |
В2 | 5 | 2.46±1.51 | 1.94±0.83 | 1.80±0.77 | ||
В3 | 6 | 1.10±1.10 | 1.53±0.97 | 1.58±1.00 | ||
Candida sp. p. | 1.35±0.86 | В1 | 5 | 4.68±0.81 | 2.84±0.41 | 1.45±0.42** |
В2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
В3 | 6 | 2.05±1.30 | 0.63±0.43 | 0.36±0.23 |
Note. * — р < 0.05; ** — р < 0.01; *** — р < 0.001.
Table 3. Dynamics of hematological blood parameters in cats with subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis during therapy
Indicators | Healthy cats (n=6) | Scheme | n | Before therapy | During the pharmacorrection | |
Day 7 | Day 14 | |||||
Hemoglobin, g/l | 145.83±3.78 | В1 | 5 | 117.20±3.15 | 119.20±2.95 | 124.80±3.12 |
В2 | 5 | 109.40±3.52 | 113.60±3.20 | 119.80±3.33 | ||
В3 | 6 | 107.33±4.01 | 127.50±2.43** | 140.33±3.43*** | ||
SRE, mm/h | 3.50±0.42 | В1 | 5 | 14.80±2.13 | 12.00±1.73 | 8.80±1.06* |
В2 | 5 | 17.60±1.36 | 13.60±1.07 | 7.00±0.70*** | ||
В3 | 6 | 14.66±1.02 | 4.50±0.42*** | 3.50±0.42*** | ||
LEC, arb. units | 0.24±0.03 | В1 | 5 | 1.28±0.21 | 1.02±0.17 | 0.71±0.10* |
В2 | 5 | 1.61±0.13 | 1.19±0.10* | 0.58±0.06*** | ||
В3 | 6 | 1.37±0.11 | 0.35±0.03*** | 0.24±0.03*** | ||
Leukocytes, g/l | 8.38±0.59 | В1 | 5 | 12.20±0,89 | 11.58±0.85 | 9.94±0.61 |
В2 | 5 | 13.50±0.65 | 12.48±0.70 | 9.36±0.32*** | ||
В3 | 6 | 12.63±0.72 | 8.73±0.41*** | 8.43±0.32*** |
Note. * — р < 0.05; ** — р < 0.01; *** — р < 0.001.
About the authors
Pavel A. Rudenko
RUDN University
Author for correspondence.
Email: pavelrudenko76@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0418-9918
Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute
6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian FederationElena D. Sotnikova
RUDN University
Email: sotnikova-ed@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1253-1573
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Agrarian and Technological Institute
6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian FederationElena A. Krotova
RUDN University
Email: krotova-ea@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1771-6091
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Agrarian and Technological Institute
6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian FederationNikolay V. Babichev
RUDN University
Email: babichev-nv@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8444-8600
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Agrarian and Technological Institute
6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian FederationStanislav G. Drukovsky
RUDN University
Email: drukovskiy-sg@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2556-6636
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Agrarian and Technological Institute
6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian FederationNikolay S. Bugrov
RUDN University
Email: bugr24-8@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4116-0620
PhD student, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute
6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian FederationReferences
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