Email this article 
Advantages and disadvantages of negative pressure wound therapy in equine wound treatment
- Authors: Skvortsova A.A.1, Pavlovskaya E.A.1, Obolenskiy V.N.2,3
-
Affiliations:
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA named after K.I. Skryabin
- City Clinical Hospital named after V.P. Demihov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
- Issue: Vol 20, No 1 (2025): Therapeutic case of animal welfare
- Pages: 61-78
- Section: Therapeutic case of animal welfare
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20168
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-1-61-78
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HNEISW
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
The method of wound surface preparation for application of local negative pressure (LNP) is described in detail. The features of dressing attachment depending on the anatomical localization of the wound are presented. The duration of wound healing in the experimental and control (with application of antiseptic and antibacterial preparations) groups, as well as the results of cytomorphological and bacterial studies are given. The most favorable phase of the wound process for application of the LNP method is revealed. Acceleration of granulation tissue formation and epithelialization of the wound surface is observed. The average rate of wound healing with LNP was 30…40% higher compared to treatment with antiseptic and antibacterial preparations. The advantages and disadvantages of LNP application in clinical practice are revealed.
Full Text
Table 1
List of references indicating the duration and frequency of dressing changes during treatment with the LNP method
Reference | Duration of treatment | Frequency of dressing changes |
Gemeinhardt K.D. and Molnar J.A. [15] | 29 days | Every 3–4 days |
Rijkenhuizen et al. [19] | Case 1: 19 days Case 2: 18 days | Case 1: on days 8, 11, and 14 after surgery Case 2: after 11 days |
Jordana M. et al. [17] | 5 days | No dressing change |
Van Hecke L. et al. [13] | 24 hours | After 6, 12, 18, 24 hours after the start of the ex vivo experiment |
Gaus, M. et al. [14] | 6 days | No dressing change |
Florczyk A., Rosser J. [10] | 14 days | Every 3–4 days |
Rettig M.J., Lischer C.J. [12] | 12 days | Every 2 days |
Elce Y. et al. [9] | 11 to 22 days | Every 3–4 days |
Kamus L. et al. [11] | Experimental wound — 7 days | Experimental study: up to 3-4 times a day due to failure to maintain vacuum |
Haspeslagh M. et al. [16] | 6 days — infected wounds 9 days — non-infected wounds | Data not presented |
Launois T. et al. [18] | 2–36 days (average 11 days) | 1–7 days (average 4 days) |
Askey T. et al. [8] | 4 to 70 days (average 19 days) | Every 7 days |
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Table 2
Characteristics of wounds by location and etiology
Horse | Localization | Etiology |
Experimental group | ||
1 | In the abdominal area | Postoperative wound complicated by infection |
2 | Forearm area | Avulsive traumatic wound |
Control group | ||
1 | In the abdominal area | Postoperative wound complicated by infection |
2 | Ventral wall of the thoracic area | Avulsive traumatic wound |
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 1. Equipment and consumables for NPWT
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 2. Features of the bandage for attaching the device
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 3. Applying paste around the wound
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 4. Attaching the urethane-foam sponge and adhesive film to the wound
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 5. Type of dressing for the LNP method
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 6. Configuration of the dressing for the LNP method
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Table 3
Wound healing time in the experimental and control groups
Experimental group | ||||
Horse | Wound characteristics | Frequency of dressing change, duration of use | LNP parameters | Healing period |
1 | Hyperemia of surrounding tissues, edema, presence of necrotic tissue areas, serous-purulent exudation, and tenderness on palpation. Inflammatory phase | Dressings were changed daily, –125 mmHg. Duration — 14 days | –125 mmHg intermittent | 30 days |
2 | Hyperemia of surrounding tissues, edema, presence of necrotic tissue areas, serous-purulent exudation, and tenderness on palpation. Inflammatory phase | Dressing was changed every 3 days, –125 mmHg. Duration — 14 days | –125 mmHg intermittent | 70 days |
Control group | ||||
1 | Hyperemia of surrounding tissues, edema, presence of necrotic tissue areas, serous-purulent exudation, and tenderness on palpation. Inflammatory phase | Daily | — | 64 days |
2 | Extensive tissue necrosis, serous-purulent exudation. Inflammatory phase | Daily | — | 80 days |
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Table 4
Laboratory results
Horse | Laboratory research | 1 day | 7 day | 14 day | 30 day |
Experimantal group | |||||
1 | Cytology | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, abundant coccal flora +++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, moderate coccal flora ++ | Neutrophilic infiltration + Keratinocytes ++ | — |
Microbiology | Escherichia coli from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab; Strep-tococcus spp. from 102 CFU Staphylococcus spp. from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab; | Staphylococcus aureus from 102 CFU to 104 CFU/swab | —
| |
2 | Cytology | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, abundant coccal flora +++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, moderate coccal flora ++ | Neutrophilic infiltration + Keratinocytes +++ | — |
Microbiology | Proteus mirabillis from 104 CFU Enterobacter aerogenes from 102 CFU Staphylococcus epidermidis | Staphylococcus epidermidis from | Staphylococcus epidermidis from | — | |
| Control group | ||||
1 | Cytology | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, abundant coccal flora +++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, abundant coccal flora +++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, moderate coccal flora ++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, moderate coccal flora + |
1 | Microbiology | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU to Proteus mirabilis from 102 CFU to 104 CFU/swab. Escherichia coli from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab. | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab. Escherichia coli from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab. | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab. Proteus mirabilis from 102 CFU Escherichia coli from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab. | Escherichia coli from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab. |
2 | Cytology | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, abundant coccal flora +++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, abundant coccal flora +++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, moderate coccal flora ++ | Neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration, moderate coccal flora + Keratinocytes + |
Microbiology | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab, Proteus mirabilis from 102 CFU Enterobacter aerogenes from 104 CFU | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab, Proteus mirabilis from 102 CFU Staphylococcus epidermidis from | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU to 106 CFU/swab, Proteus mirabilis from 102 CFU to 104 CFU/swab | Staphylococcus aureus from 104 CFU | |
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 7. Before using LNP
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 8. 14 days after LNP
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 9. 30 days after LNP
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 10. Wound on a limb before applying LNP
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 11. Bandage for LNP
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 12. The condition of the wound 14 days after the use of LNP, immediately after removing the dressing
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 13. Condition of wounds and suture dehiscence on day 7
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 14. Condition of the wound on day 14
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Fig. 15. Condition of the wound on day 30
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
About the authors
Anastasiya A. Skvortsova
Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA named after K.I. Skryabin
Author for correspondence.
Email: anastasiaeqvet@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-8513-9946
SPIN-code: 6454-5819
assistant of the department of veterinary surgery
23 Academician Skryabina st., Moscow, 109472, Russian FederationEkaterina A. Pavlovskaya
Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA named after K.I. Skryabin
Email: vetgroomer@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8768-5086
SPIN-code: 4663-2225
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Veterinary Surgery
23 Academician Skryabina st., Moscow, 109472, Russian FederationVladimir N. Obolenskiy
City Clinical Hospital named after V.P. Demihov; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Email: gkb13@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1276-5484
SPIN-code: 5843-2934
Сandidate of Medical Sciences, surgeon and orthopedic traumatologist, head of the Center for Septic Surgery, City Clinical Hospital named after V.P. Demikhova Department No. 1; Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
1 Velozavodskaya st., bldg. 1, Moscow, 115280, Russian Federation; 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 17997, Russian FederationReferences
- Skvortsova AA, Pavlovskaya EA, Pozyabin SV. Features of the healing of deep traumatic wounds in horses in moving areas of the body. Veterinary, Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2024;(1):60-69. (In Russ.). doi: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202401007 EDN: JXQNBD
- Eggleston RB. Wound management: wounds with special challenges. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice. 2018;34(3):511-538. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.07.003
- Hanson RR. Complications of equine wound management and dermatologic surgery. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice. 2008;24(3):663-696. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2008.10.005
- Maher M, Kuebelbeck L. Nonhealing wounds of the equine limb. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice. 2018;34(3):539-555. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.07.007
- Leise BS. Topical wound medications. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice. 2018;34(3):485-498. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.07.006.
- Obolensky VN. Method of local negative pressure in the complex treatment of acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues. Medical Alphabet. 2015;4(20):24-28. (In Russ.). EDN: WMQDBP
- Obolensky VN. Method of local negative pressure in the prevention and treatment of wound infections (literature review). Medical Alphabet. 2017;(5):49-52. (In Russ.).
- Askey T, Major D, Arnold C. Negative pressure wound therapy for the management of surgical site infections with zoonotic, drug-resistant pathogens on the upper body of the horse. Equine Veterinary Education. 2023;35(8):e531-e536. doi: 10.1111/eve.13789
- Elce YA, Ruzickova P, Almeida da Silveira E, Lavertyet S. Use of negative pressure wound therapy in three horses with open, infected olecranon bursitis. Equine Veterinary Education. 2020;32(1):12-17. doi: 10.1111/eve.12930
- Florczyk A, Rosser J. Negative-pressure wound therapy as management of a chronic distal limb wound in the horse. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2017;55:9-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.01.005
- Kamus L, Rameau M, Theoret C. Feasibility of a disposable canister-free negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) device for treating open wounds in horses. BMC Veterinary Research. 2019;15(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/ S12917-019-1829-5
- Rettig MJ, Lischer CJ. Treatment of chronic septic osteoarthritis of the antebrachiocarpal joint with a synovial-cutaneous fistula utilizing arthroscopic lavage combined with ultrasonic-assisted wound therapy and vacuum-assisted closure with a novel wound lavage system. Equine Veterinary Education. 2017;29(1):27-32. doi: 10.1111/eve.12390
- Van Hecke LL, Haspeslagh M, Hermans K, Martens AM. Comparison of antibacterial effects among three foams used with negative pressure wound therapy in an ex vivo equine perfused wound model. American journal of veterinary research. 2016;77(12):1325-1331. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.12.1325
- Gaus M, Rohn K, Roetting AK. Applicability and effect of a vacuum-assisted wound therapy after median laparotomy in horses. Pferdeheilkunde - Equine Medicine. 2017;33(6):9-17. doi: 10.21836/PEM20170604
- Gemeinhardt KD, Molnar JA. Vacuum-assisted closure for management of a traumatic neck wound in a horse. Equine Veterinary Education. 2005;17(1):27-33. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2005.tb00331.x
- Haspeslagh M, Van Hecke LL, Hermans K, Chiers K, Pint E, Wilmink JM, Martens AM. Limited added value of negative pressure wound therapy compared with calcium alginate dressings for second-intention healing in a noncontaminated and contaminated equine distal limb wound model. Equine veterinary journal. 2022;54(3):592-600. doi: 10.1111/evj.13487
- Jordana M, Pint E, Martens A. The use of vacuum-assisted wound closure to enhance skin graft acceptance in a horse. Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr. 2011;80(5):343-350. doi: 10.21825/vdt.87287
- Launois T, Moor PL, Berthier A, Merlin N, Rieu F, Schlotterer C, Siegel A, Fruit G, Dugdale A, Vandeweerd JM. Use of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of limb wounds: a case series of 42 horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2021;106:103725. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103725
- Rijkenhuizen ABM, van den Boom R, Landman M, Cornelissen BPM. Can vacuum-assisted wound management enhance graft acceptance? Pferdeheilkunde. 2005;21(5):413-419. doi: 10.21836/PEM20050503
Supplementary files
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: completed by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
Source: compiled by A.A. Skvortsova, E.A. Pavlovskaya, V.N. Obolenskiy.
