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The influence of climatic factors on sunflower ontogenesis in conditions of the Orenburg region
- Authors: Nazarova N.M.1, Fedorova D.G.1
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Affiliations:
- Orenburg State University
- Issue: Vol 20, No 2 (2025): Applied aspects of pharmaceutical science in veterinary medicine
- Pages: 239-252
- Section: Crop production
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20197
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-2-239-252
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NPVHAA
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Abstract
The effect of the variability of certain climatic parameters during the growing season on the cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the Orenburg region was studied. It was shown that the growth and development of Helianthus annuus L. are significantly influenced by both humidity and temperature, but the amount of these parameters changes over time due to the ongoing climate change. In this regard, one of the principles of agronomy is to identify relationships between the phases of phenological development in the context of changing weather conditions. It allows to assess the measures aimed at adapting sunflower to a specific cultivation zone. Timely implementation of these measures will enable us to manage the susceptibility of the agricultural sector and predict crop yields. The present study is based on registration of eight phenological phases from sowing to harvesting for three years and assessment of the influence of weather factors of a particular season on both ontogenesis of the crop in general and duration of each phenological phase in particular. According to the results of observations, it was found that the duration of Helianthus annuus L. cv. ‘Poseidon 625’ vegetation in climatic conditions of Orenburg region was on average 99 days and is determined by the timing from the formation of the first and second pairs of true leaves to seed formation. The phenological periods requiring maximum moisture were determined — from sowing to germination and from flowering to seed filling (r = 0.9, the significance level is 90%). The data obtained during the study can be used by farmers and agronomists to determine the optimal timing of sowing oilseeds not only in Orenburg region, but also in each specific region engaged in their production.
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Fig. 1. Helianthus annuus L. cv. ‘Poseidon 625’ (flowering stage)
Source: taken by N.M. Nazarova.
Fig. 2. Dynamics of weather conditions during the growing season of Helianthus annuus L. cv. ‘Poseidon 625’ (average observational data 2021—2023)
Source: compiled by N.M. Nazarova.
Table 1
Average indicators of phenological development (according to the duration of interphase periods) of Helianthus annuus L. cv. ‘Poseidon 625’, 2021—2023
The period of ontogenesis | Duration, days | Total precipitation, mm | Sum of active temperatures (> +10), °C | Humidity, % | Hydrothermal index | Total vegetation period | ||||||
Average | CV , % | Average | CV , % | Average | CV , % | Average | CV , % | Average | CV , % | Average | CV , % | |
Sowing — germination | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 26.7 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 75.5 | 85.0 ± 21.8 | 25.6 | 51.1 ± 5.4 | 10.7 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 66.1 | 99.0 ± 17 | 17.0 |
Shoots — 1st pair of true leaves | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 20.0 | 5.3 ± 9.1 | 70.0 | 106 ± 27.9 | 26.3 | 36.9 ± 7.3 | 19.7 | 0.64 ± 1.1 | 71.0 | ||
1st pair of true leaves — 2nd pair of true leaves | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 21.7 | 8.5 ± 7.5 | 87.9 | 106.5 ± 18.6 | 17.5 | 55.0 ± 17.2 | 31.2 | 0.60 ± 0.1 | 7.6 | ||
2nd pair of true leaves — formation of inflorescence | 29 ± 2.6 | 9.1 | 36.1 ± 27.5 | 76.1 | 620.4 ± 48.1 | 7.8 | 51.9 ± 12.5 | 24.0 | 0.62 ± 0.5 | 84.4 | ||
Formation of inflorescence — flowering | 9.3 ± 3.1 | 32.7 | 11.3 ± 15.8 | 89.4 | 240.7 ± 58.9 | 24.5 | 51.1 ± 12.6 | 24.6 | 0.41 ± 0.5 | 82.0 | ||
Flowering — seed formation | 12.0 ± 2.0 | 16.7 | 13.8 ± 12.1 | 87.5 | 311.9 ± 26.8 | 8.6 | 53.2 ± 9.5 | 17.8 | 0.71 ± 0.5 | 66.1 | ||
Seed formation — filling of seeds | 10.0 ± 1.0 | 10.0 | 9.3 ± 8.1 | 86.4 | 252.4 ± 30.2 | 12.0 | 51.7 ± 3.8 | 7.3 | 0.33 ± 0.3 | 86.6 | ||
Filling of seeds — seedmaturation | 31.3 ± 5.5 | 17.6 | 10.4 ± 10.0 | 96.0 | 726.1 ± 190.1 | 26.2 | 46.2 ± 8.1 | 17.6 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | 78.6 | ||
Source: compiled by N.M. Nazarova.
Table 2
Dependence of the duration of phenophases during the vegetative cycle of Helianthus annuus L. cv. ‘Poseidon 625’ (Spearman coefficient)
The period of ontogenesis | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) |
Sowing — germination (1) | 1 |
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|
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|
Shoots — 1st pair of true leaves (2) | 0.9* | 1 |
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|
|
|
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1st pair of true leaves — 2nd pair of true leaves (3) | –0.5 | 0.1 | 1 |
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2nd pair of true leaves — formation of inflorescence (4) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1 |
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Formation of inflorescence — flowering (5) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 |
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Flowering — seed formation (6) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 |
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Seed formation — filling of seeds (7) | 0.9 | 0.5 | –0.9 | –0.4 | –0.5 | –0.4 | 1 |
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Filling of seeds — seed maturation (8) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1 |
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Duration of vegetation (9) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | –0.5 | 1 |
Note. * — statistically significant values are highlighted in bold at p < 0.1.
Source: compiled by D.G. Fedorova.
Table 3
Dependence of the duration of the phases of vegetative development of Helianthus annuus L. cv. ‘Poseidon 625’ on weather conditions (Spearman coefficient)
Phenophases | Climatic parameters | |||
Total precipitation, mm | Sum of active temperatures (> +10°), °C | Humidity, % | Hydrothermal index | |
Sowing — germination | 0.9* | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Shoots — 1st pair of true leaves | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
1st pair of true leaves — 2nd pair of true leaves | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
2nd pair of real leaves — formation of inflorescence | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Formation of inflorescence — flowering | 0.3 | –0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
Flowering — seed formation | 0.9 | –0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Seed formation — filling of seeds | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
Filling of seeds — seed maturation | –0.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
* — statistically significant values are highlighted in bold at p < 0.1
Source: compiled by D.G. Fedorova.
Fig. 2. Climatograms of the growing seasons of Helianthus annuus L. cv. ‘Poseidon 625’: a — 2021; b — 2022; c — 2023 (dotted lines highlight critical periods of moisture deficiency); 1 — sowing –germination, 2 — germination – 1st pair of true leaves, 3 — 1st pair of true leaves – 2nd pair of true leaves, 4 — 2nd pair of true leaves – formation of inflorescence, 5 — formation of inflorescence –flowering, 6 — flowering – seed formation, 7 — seed formation – filling of seeds, 8 — filling of seeds – seed maturation
Source: compiled by N.M. Nazarova
About the authors
Natalia M. Nazarova
Orenburg State University
Author for correspondence.
Email: nazarova-1989@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7449-0378
SPIN-code: 1242-9420
Head of the scientific group of the Botanical Garden, Senior Researcher, Research Center ”Biological Systems and Nanotechnology“
13 Pobedy ave., Orenburg, Orenburg region, 460018, Russian FederationDaria G. Fedorova
Orenburg State University
Email: daryaorlova24@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5323-4965
SPIN-code: 6805-9269
Director of the Botanical Garden, Senior Researcher, Research Center ”Biological Systems and Nanotechnology“
13 Pobedy ave., Orenburg, Orenburg region, 460018, Russian FederationReferences
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Supplementary files
Source: taken by N.M. Nazarova.
Source: compiled by N.M. Nazarova.
Source: compiled by N.M. Nazarova
