Influence of spent mushroom compost on crop productivity

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Abstract

As development of mushroom industry in Russia is growing, and the amount of spent mushroom composts is increasing, they are actively used as organomineral fertilizers for agricultural crops. Therefore, from the rather large problem of storing waste composts, these fertilizers began to be in great demand in the agricultural industry. Organic fertilizers are characterized by a high percentage of nutrients. They are able to improve physical properties of soil by increasing aggregative stability and reducing soil density. Organic fertilizers improve biological and biochemical properties of soil, and positively affect the development of soil microbial community. In the experiments, the content of nutrients in fresh compost and compost after one year of storage averaged: ash content - 8.0 and 74.1 %; organic matter - 66.3 and 25.9 %; NPK (%) - 0.50, 0.63, 0.44 and 0.45, 0.51, 0.39, respectively, under a favorable soil acidity (pH 8.0-7.3). In studies carried out on dark grey forest soils of the Ryazan region, the maximum productivity of agricultural crops was noted in variants with application of half-ripened compost: the yield of spring wheat was 2.82 t/ha (+ 0.23 t/ha compared to the control); spring barley - 3.21 t/ha (+0.17); spring rapeseed - 1.77 t/ha (+0.24); potato cv. ‘Vympel’ - 27.91 (+ 4.41); potato cv. ‘Kolobok’ - 11.21 t/ha (+1.63); pea - 2.10 t/ha (+0.21). The high efficiency of spent mushroom composts as fertilizers for increasing yields of spring barley and wheat, spring rapeseed, potatoes and peas was confirmed.

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Fig. 1. Leaf surface area of wheat and barley, m2/m

 
Fig. 2. Vegetative mass of rapeseed plant in the flowering stage, g
 

Fig. 3. Height of spring rape plants in the flowering stage, cm

 

Yield of agricultural grain crops depending on nutrition, t/ha  (average for 2020–2021)

Nutrition

Yield, t/ha

Spring wheat

Spring barley

Spring rapeseed

Potato cv. Vympel

Potato cv. Kolobok

Pea

Control

2.59

3.04

1.53

23.50

9.58

1.89

Half-ripened compost

2.82

3.21

1.77

27.91

11.21

2.10

Fully ripened compost

2.66

3.19

1.71

25.63

10.86

2.09

LSD05 average, t/ha: А — 0.91; В — 1.28; АВ — 2.22.

 

Fig. 4. Fat and protein content in seeds of spring rapeseed, %

 

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About the authors

Tatyana V. Zubkova

Bunin Yelets State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ZubkovaTanua@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3525-488X

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Agrotechnologies for Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products

28 Kommunarov st., Yelets, 399770, Russian Federation

Dmitry V. Vinogradov

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev

Email: vdv-rz@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2017-1491

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Advisor to the Rectorate, Head of the Department of Agronomy and Agrotechnologies, Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev; Senior Researcher, Department of General Agriculture and Agroecology, Lomonosov Moscow State University

1 Kostycheva st., Ryazan, 390044, Russian Federation; 1/12 Leninskiye gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

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Supplementary files

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1. Fig. 1. Leaf surface area of wheat and barley, m2/m

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2. Fig. 2. Vegetative mass of rapeseed plant in the flowering stage, g

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3. Fig. 3. Height of spring rape plants in the flowering stage, cm

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4. Fig. 4. Fat and protein content in seeds of spring rapeseed, %

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Copyright (c) 2023 Zubkova T.V., Vinogradov D.V.

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