Breeding value of safflower in arid conditions of the Northern Caspian

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Abstract

Low and unstable yields of the main oilseed crops do not create interest for their large-scale cultivation in conditions of the Northern Caspian - A strakhan region. For this reason, gross harvest of oilseeds is reducing significantly creating a vegetable oil shortage. Currently, safflower cultivation is relevant due to high drought resistance and quality indicators of safflower oil. 24 collection samples of safflower were studied on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region in 2019-2021. The experiments on safflower cultivars from seed collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry were carried out at the experimental site of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Influence of the main abiotic and biotic environmental factors on morpho-biological and economic characteristics of safflower was determined. Based on the results obtained, the following promising samples having breeding value as a starting material for creation of new cultivars were identified: Gila, Shahalli-260, Tsambuli, Shirkas, Talan, Centr 70, Moldir, Nurlan, Aleksandrit, Shifo, Sinaloa-90. Productivity and oil content of the selected cultivars exceeded the indicators of cv. Astrakhan 747 (standard) by 0.43…1.06 t/ha and 1.75…3.02 %, respectively.

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Characteristics of selected safflower cultivars, 2019—2021

Cultivar

Origin

Yield, t/ha

Oil content,%

Oil yield per 1 ha, kg

Astrakhansky 747, st

Russia

0.58

28.58

134.3

Gila

Mexico

1.07

28.16

146.4

Sinaloa-90

Mexico

0.86

30.33

182.0

Aleksandrit

Russia

0.61

31.02

145.8

VIR 2933

Tajikistan

0.87

28.54

119.9

Shahalli-260

Tajikistan

1.02

27.03

189.2

Tsambuli

Tajikistan

1.64

29.37

264.3

Shirkas

Kazakhstan

1.03

28.70

198.0

Talan

Kazakhstan

1.01

30.47

158.4

Centr 70

Kazakhstan

1.28

27.86

242.4

Alkyzyl

Kazakhstan

0.79

25.67

190.0

Moldir

Kazakhstan

0.60

31.60

123.2

Nurlan

Kazakhstan

0.72

31.02

186.1

Akmay

Kazakhstan

0.80

29.14

195.2

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About the authors

Nadezhda A. Zaitseva

Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: konf_pniiaz@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8227-398X

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Head of Laboratory of crop breeding

8 Severny quarter, Solenoe Zaimishche vil., Chernoyarsk district, Astrakhan region, Russian Federation

Ekaterina V. Yachmeneva

Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rfn.yz2009@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4676-9408

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of crop breeding

8 Severny quarter, Solenoe Zaimishche vil., Chernoyarsk district, Astrakhan region, Russian Federation

Irina I. Klimova

Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: irina.ssd1981@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9582-3752

Researcher, Laboratory of Agricultural Crops Breeding

8 Severny quarter, Solenoe Zaimishche vil., Chernoyarsk district, Astrakhan region, Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2022 Zaitseva N.A., Yachmeneva E.V., Klimova I.I.

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