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Use of Chlorella vulgaris as a dietary supplement for quails bred at private farms
- Authors: Medvedeva .N.1, Zorkina O.V.2, Moskovets M.V.1
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Affiliations:
- All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture
- Volgograd State University
- Issue: Vol 17, No 4 (2022)
- Pages: 499-513
- Section: Animal breeding
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19832
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2022-17-4-499-513
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Abstract
Some aspects of improving efficiency of quail breeding in Russia, in particular in private farms were studied. It is emphasized that in times of crisis, private farms are able to solve several problems: provide employment for rural residents, produce food, and serve as a source of additional income for people. In Russia, consumption of animal protein in poultry meat has increased to 34 kg. The aim of the research was to study the issues of breeding quails on small plots, at private farms; the use of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in the diet of poultry, which has become intensively used in various sectors of the economy, in particular, in animal husbandry and improvement of natural reservoirs. Methods of analysis, observation, experiment, comparison were used in the course of the study; photographing and timing of resources spent on the maintenance of quail birds was carried out. The Russian and foreign scientific literature was studied, the presented material was compared with the results obtained during the experiment. One aspect of successful quail breeding is to ensure a balanced diet - composition of feeds produced by local producers for quails was studied. The observations and experiments carried out on Moscow White Giant quails at E. Moskovets private farm (Volgograd region) proved the expediency of introducing into the diet a feed additive - a strain of Chlorella vulgaris IFR C.111, which contains protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, mineral salts, trace elements in sufficient quantities. The technology of poultry feeding with Chlorella vulgaris was shown. It resulted in higher survival rate of quails, increase in poultry live weight, and increase in profitability of production by 1.3 %. Data reflecting the conditions of quail keeping, feeding and cage breeding in small areas and/or private farms were shown.
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Table 1. Poultry stock by types of farms in the Russian Federation, 2019
Poultry | Number of birds, thousand birds | Share of farms,% | ||
Agricultural producers | Peasant farms, Individual entrepreneurs | Private farms | ||
Total | 557 121 | 78 | 2 | 20 |
chickens | 512 928 | 82.4 | 1.9 | 20.1 |
ducks | 21 685 | 10 | 2.9 | 87.2 |
geese | 9 238 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 83.5 |
turkeys | 8 898 | 70.3 | 3.1 | 26.6 |
quail | 4 016 | 64.1 | 22.0 | 13.9 |
Fig. 1. Average per capita consumption of animal protein, kg per year
Table 2. Main and potential consumer groups of quail eggs and meat in the Russian Federation, 2022
Group | Percentage of consumers | Characteristics of the market segment |
For medical reasons | 8 | A growing segment, supported by promotion of healthy food |
Healthy lifestyle | 10 | A growing market segment driven by promotion of a healthy lifestyle |
Baby food | 4 | A progressive market segment, which is provided by attractiveness of product |
Fast food consumers | 7 | Potential fast food segment |
By income level | 6 | Growing segment, high-income population group |
By industry purpose | 13 | A promising segment, enterprises of confectionery, bakery, meat industries |
Fig. 2. Feed for quails produced at the enterprises of the Volgograd region
Table 3. Nutrient content of quail feed
Producer — L.V. Deneva, Volgograd region, Russia | Producer — INKOM, Volgograd region, Russia | ||
Component | Content,% | Component | Content,% |
Crude protein | 17.17 | Crude protein | 24.0 |
Lysine | — | Lysine | 1.0 |
Crude ash | 6.25 | Methionine | 0.76 |
Crude fat | 4.72 | Crude fat | 2.5 |
Crude fiber | 4.03 | Crude fiber | 5.0 |
Trace elements, vitamins | |||
Са | 1.21 | Са | 3.45 |
Р | 0.46 | A (thousand IU) | 15.0 |
Na | 0.20 | D 3 (thousand IU) | 1.5 |
Cl | 0.22 | E (mg) | 20.0 |
К | 0.69 | К | — |
Fig. 3. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris, Zhitkov Russian Scientific Research Institute on Game Management and Fur Farming, 2022. In the photo — L.N. Medvedeva
Table 4. Amino acid profile of Chlorella vulgaris strain (IFR no. C-111) expressed, % per 1 kg of dry matter
Amino acid | Average content |
Isoleucine | 2.39 |
Leucine | 4.70 |
Lysine | 5.14 |
Phenylalanine | 2.94 |
Methionine | 0.97 |
Threonine | 2.70 |
Valine | 3.90 |
Histidine | 1.46 |
Arginine | 6.10 |
Тryptophan | 1.23 |
Тotal nitrogen | 9.23 |
Protein | 62.1 |
Fig. 4. Moscow White Giant eggs and quails, E. Moskovets private farm, 2022
Fig. 5. Application of Chlorella vulgaris strain (IFR no. C-111)
Fig. 6. Control group of Moscow White Giant quails, E. Moskovets private farm, 2022
Fig. 7. Experimental group of Moscow White Giant quails, E. Moskovets private farm, 2022
Table 5. Yield of hatching eggs and quail in experimental and control groups, 2022
Quail age, days | Experimental group | Control group | ||
Yield of eggs for incubation, % | Quail yield, % | Yield of eggs for incubation, % | Quail yield, % | |
38—40 | 88 | 95 | 80 | 90 |
90—91 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 92 |
160—161 | 90 | 95 | 88 | 93 |
210—211 | 84 | 93 | 80 | 90 |
240—241 | 75 | 90 | 70 | 87 |
Table 6. Live weight and survival of quails in experimental and control groups, 2022
Age, days | Experimental group | Control group | ||||||
1st day | 14th day | 1st day | 14th day | |||||
Live weight, g | Survival rate,% | Live weight, g | Survival rate,% | Live weight, g | Survival rate,% | Live weight, g | Survival rate,% | |
38—40 | 14 ± 0.51 | 100 | 180 | 100 | 13 ± 0.51 | 97 | 175 | 89 |
90—91 | 16 ± 0.51 | 99 | 184 | 97 | 14 ± 0.51 | 93 | 178 | 87 |
160—161 | 17 ± 0.51 | 99 | 185 | 99 | 15 ± 0.51 | 95 | 181 | 85 |
210—211 | 15 ± 0.51 | 99 | 186 | 98 | 13 ± 0.51 | 95 | 183 | 80 |
240—241 | 15 ± 0.51 | 99 | 186 | 98 | 13 ± 0.51 | 95 | 183 | 80 |
Table 7. Biochemical parameters of quail meat in experimental and control groups, 2022
Parameters | Quail group | |
Control | Experimental | |
Primary decay products | No | No |
Peroxidase reaction | Positive | Positive |
pH of quail meat | 5.76 ± 0.12 | 8.80 ± 0.15 |
Reaction with copper sulfate | Negative | Negative |
Amino-ammonia nitrogen, mg | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.06 |
Formol reaction | Negative | Negative |
About the authors
Lyudmila N. Medvedeva
All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture
Author for correspondence.
Email: milena.medvedeva2012@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3650-2083
Doctor of Economics Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher
9 Timiryazev st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian FederationOlga V. Zorkina
Volgograd State University
Email: ov.zorkina@volsu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3179-140X
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of the Department of Biology and Bioengineering
100 Universitetskiy ave., Volgograd, 400062, Russian FederationMaria V. Moskovets
All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture
Email: vniioz-algo@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1997-6313
Senior Researcher
9 Timiryazev st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian FederationReferences
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