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Effect of mineral fertilizers, forecrops and soil-climatic conditions on millet productivity in steppe zone of the Southern Urals
- Authors: Mitrofanov D.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 18, No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 31-44
- Section: Crop production
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19863
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2023-18-1-31-44
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OVNSET
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Abstract
The research was carried out on southern chernozems in arid conditions of the Orenburg Urals in 2002-2021. The influence of agrometeorological conditions of the growing season, spring reserves of soil moisture and nutrients, cellulolytic activity of microorganisms, content of organic matter, humus and acidity in the soil after applying mineral fertilizers on increasing productivity of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) cv. ‘Orenburg 9’ were studied. The soil and millet crops were selected as the object of research. The work uses field, thermastatic-weight, ionometric, Machigin, application-weight, Tyurin, dispersion and statistical methods of research. Field experiments were performed in four-field, two-field crop rotations and continuous cropping according to the following scheme: 1) Sowing after durum wheat in the aftereffect of black fallow (control); 2) Sowing after common wheat in the aftereffect of black fallow; 3) Sowing after common wheat in the aftereffect of soil-protective fallow; 4) Sowing after common wheat in the aftereffect of sideral fallow; 5) Sowing after durum wheat; 6) Millet continuous cropping. It was revealed that the studied factors in the experiment increased millet productivity under two-field crop rotation with durum wheat after fertilizers application. Compared to the control, the maximum increase of grain yield was after using ammophos complex fertilizer (N40P40) - by 0.45 tons; feed units - 0.44; energy units - 0.26 and feed protein units - 0.24 t/ha. The best effect on increasing productivity was provided by: July precipitation - 28.05 %, spring reserves of productive moisture in 0-30 cm soil layer -- 25.96 %; in 0-100 cm - 20.86 %, nitrate content - 71.80 %, phosphorus - 38.05 %, potassium - 33.07 %, microbial activity (cellulose decomposition) - 62.32 % (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The highest organic matter content (17.6 %) and humus (3.5 %) in soil and neutral acidity (pH = 7.0) create favorable conditions for growing millet after durum wheat. As a result of research on other crops, it was found that these factors do not affect yield increase. Positive results of the influence of factors can be useful in increasing millet productivity.
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Table 1
Agrometeorological conditions during millet cultivation depending on the season (2002–2021)
Note: *Above the line is the average data according to the Orenburg Hydrometeorological Center, below the line is the average annual data; Selyaninov hydrothermal moisture coefficient (HTC) for months is 0.54 and for years is 0.50.
Table 2
Spring reserves of productive moisture and nutrients in the soil under millet crops depending on the variants (2002–2021)
Variant | Productive moisture, mm | Nutrients (0–30 cm), mg/100 g soil | |||
0–30 cm | 0–100 cm | NO3– | P2O5 | K2O | |
I | 42.2 | 140.3 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 47.3 |
II | 42.0 | 136.0 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 46.7 |
III | 43.8 | 134.7 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 41.9 |
IV | 42.7 | 131.2 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 45.2 |
V | 32.7 | 112.6 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 16.8 |
VI | 39.1 | 126.6 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 44.4 |
LSD05 | 7.4 | 17.8 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 21.2 |
Table 3
Soil fertility under millet cropping in 0–30 cm layer of chernozem (2002–2021)
Indicators of soil fertility | Variant | LSD05 | |||||
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | ||
Biological activity1 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 13.7 | 9.9 | 2.4 |
Organic matter2 | 15.5 | 16.4 | 14.1 | 13.2 | 17.6 | 11.5 | 4.0 |
Humus3 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
Acidity4 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 0.6 |
Note: 1Cellulolytic activity of microorganisms in the soil, %; 2Organic matter consists of crop, root residues and straw, %; 3Humus content in southern chernozem, %;4 Soil acidity is expressed by pH soil solution.
Table 4
Productivity of millet in crop rotation and continuous cropping, t/ha (2002–2021)
Parameter | Output from 1 ha in Variants, t | LSD05 | |||||
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | ||
Grains | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 1.21 | 0.52 | 0.43 |
Feed units | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 1.18 | 0.51 | 0.41 |
Energy units | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.25 |
Forage protein units | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.65 | 0.28 | 0.23 |
Effect of organic matter content and microbial activity in soil on yield of millet grain in crop rotation and permanent sowing after application of ammophos (2002–2021)
Table 5
Influence of the main factors on increasing millet productivity under two-field crop rotation with durum wheat (2002–2021)
Factors | Millet productivity | ||||
Grain | Feed units | Energy units | Forage protein units | ||
Rain gauge precipitation | in July | 27.91/0.27* | 27.93/0.27 | 27.96/0.27 | 28.05/0.28 |
0.01** | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||
Productive moisture in spring | in 0–30 cm | 25.96/0.25 | 25.91/0.25 | 25.79/0.25 | 25.80/0.25 |
0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||
in 0–100 cm | 20.86/0.20 | 20.83/0.20 | 20.71/0.20 | 20.73/0.20 | |
0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||
Nutrients after sowing | Nitrates | 71.80/0.71 | 71.78/0.71 | 71.55/0.71 | 71.75/0.71 |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Phosphorus | 38.05/0.38 | 37.95/0.37 | 37.84/0.37 | 37.78/0.37 | |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Potassium | 33.07/0.33 | 33.01/0.33 | 32.79/0.32 | 32.93/0.32 | |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Biological | in 0–20 cm | 62.13/0.62 | 62.03/0.62 | 61.93/0.61 | 62.32/0.62 |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Note:* Before the line — share of the factor’s influence, %; after the line — coefficient of determination;** The criterion of significance level of multiple regression (p < 0.05).
About the authors
Dmitry V. Mitrofanov
Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: dvm.80@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7172-6904
SPIN-code: 8892-4092
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher, Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies
29, 9 Yanvarya st., Orenburg, 460000, Russian FederationReferences
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