Email this article 
Slaughter qualities of young sheep depending on genotype
- Authors: Yuldashbaev Y.A.1, Kosilov V.I.2, Nikonova E.A.2, Sedykh T.A.3, Bykova O.A.4
-
Affiliations:
- Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
- Orenburg State Agrarian University
- Bashkir State Pedagogical University
- Ural State Agrarian University
- Issue: Vol 19, No 3 (2024)
- Pages: 490-496
- Section: Genetics and selection of animals
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20067
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2024-19-3-490-496
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CIAUPL
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Influence of the effect of crossing the Romanov and Edilbay sheep breeds on the main indicators of slaughter was studied. As the object of study, we used the Romanov breed (I group), its crosses with the Edilbay breed of the first generation (½ Romanov × Edilbay - II group) and the second generation (¼ Romanov × ¾ Edilbay - III group). The effect of crossing in terms of slaughter qualities in crossbred young animals was established. At the same time, wethers of group I were inferior to crossbred peers of groups II and III in terms of the carcass fullness coefficient K 1 by 3.40 and 4.48 %, respectively, and the level of thigh completion coefficient - by 6.80 and 7.82 %, respectively. Crossbreeds of groups II and III were superior to purebred wethers of group I in pre-slaughter live weight by 11.18 kg and 13.32 kg, fresh carcass weight - by 6.03 kg and 7.56 kg, carcass yield - by 1.63 and 2.62 %, slaughter weight - by 6.16 kg and 8.00 kg, slaughter yield - by 1.57 and 2.71 %, respectively. The advantage in terms of the studied slaughter indicators was in the second generation crossbreeds of the third experimental group.
Full Text
Introduction
The main task of agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is a significant increase in the production of agricultural products [1—4].
Increase in production of meat and meat products of various types is of relevance [5— 10], since meat products are characterized by high nutritional value and are a source of complete proteins containing essential amino acids.
Sheep farming as a low-cost branch of animal husbandry should play a certain role in providing the country’s population with meat products, since sheep easily adapt to any climatic zones and are capable of producing good gains when kept on pasture.
For a rational breeding system, it is necessary to use interbreeding — crossbred young animals, due to the effect of crossing, have increased productivity [11—15].
Currently, to improve the meat qualities of domestic sheep breeds, the Edilbay fattailed breed is increasingly being used.
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of crossing Romanov breed ewes with Edilbay rams on slaughter qualities of crossbred young animals.
Materials and methods
To conduct the study, three groups of rams were formed. Each group had 15 animals. The groups were formed by origin: Group I included purebred animals of the Romanov breed, Group II included crossbreeds from crossing (½ Romanov × ½ Edilbay), Group III — crossbreeds from crossing (¼ Romanov × ¾ Edilbay). At the age of 3 months, rams of all experimental groups were castrated using a method with complete removal of testicles. The animals were kept according to traditional technology. The suckling period lasted from birth to 4 months. During this period, the experimental animals were kept with ewes. After weaning and up to 8 months of age, the wethers were grazed on pasture, from 8 to 10 months — on final stall fattening.
At the age of 10 months, a control slaughter of three wethers from each group was carried out. After the slaughter of the young animals, morphometric indices were determined. The measurements of the length of the body and thigh, thigh circumference were taken, on the basis of which coefficient of fullness of the carcass and coefficient of thigh completeness were calculated.
In order to study the slaughter qualities, mass of fresh carcass, internal raw fat, slaughter weight were determined and carcass yield and slaughter yield were calculated.
All the obtained results were subjected to biometric processing using Statistica 10.0 (Stat Soft Inc. USA). The reliability of the obtained data was established by Student. The limit of reliability was the parameter p < 0.05.
Results and discussion
The data obtained after slaughter indicate the influence of genotype of wethers on carcass parameters (Table 1).
Table 1. Сoefficients of wether carcass in experimental groups, %
Parameter | Groups | ||
I |
II |
III | |
Coefficient of fullness of carcass К1 | 22.60 | 26.00 | 27.08 |
Hip Completion Ratio К2 | 82.53 | 89.33 | 90.35 |
Thus, the crossbred wethers of groups II and III exceeded their purebred peers in body length by 12.09 cm (25.07%, p < 0.001) and 13.28 cm (27.54%, p < 0.001), respectively, and in thigh length — by 1.14 cm (4.09%) and 1.96 cm (7.03%), respectively.
The established intergroup differences in body and thigh length determined the difference in carcass length in the wethers of experimental groups with a minimum indicator in purebred young animals of group I. It is enough to note that the crossbreds of groups II and III exceeded their peers of group I in carcass length by 13.23 cm (17.38%, p < 0.001) and 15.34 cm (20.16%, p < 0.001), respectively.
Similar intergroup differences were also noted in thigh girth. At the same time, purebred wethers of group I were inferior to their crossbred peers of groups II and III in the analyzed parameter by 3.09 cm (13.43%, p < 0.05) and 4.04 cm (17.56%, p < 0.05), respectively.
It is characteristic that the leading position in all morphometric parameters of the carcass was occupied by the second-generation crossbreds of group III. They surpassed the first-generation crossbreds of group II in body length by 1.19 cm (1.97%), thigh length by 0.92 cm (3.17%), carcass length by 2.11 cm (2.36%), and thigh girth by 0.95 cm (3.64%) (Fig.).
Measurements of carcass of wethers in experimental groups
Source: created by Y.A. Yuldashbaev , V.I. Kosilov , E.A. Nikonova , T.A. Sedykh , O.A. Bykova
It is known that expression of meat quantity of carcass of slaughter animals is largely characterized by coefficients of fullness of carcass and thigh completeness. The obtained data indicate the influence of wether genotype on the value of the analyzed traits with the advantage of crossbred young animals of groups II and III. At the same time, purebred young animals of group I were inferior to them in the value of the coefficient of fullness of carcass by 3.4 and 4.48%, the level of the coefficient of thigh completeness — by 5.80 and 7.82%. The leading position in these coefficients was occupied by wethers of group III, which surpassed their peers of group II in the value of K1 and K2 by 1.08 and 1.02%, respectively (see Table 1).
The pre-slaughter weight indicator plays an important role in assessing slaughter qualities. The value of this indicator depends on genotype, as evidenced by the obtained results (Table 2).
Table 2. The results of control slaughter of the wethers in experimental groups
Parameter | Groups | |||||
I | II | III | ||||
Parameter | ||||||
M ± m | Cv | M ± m | Cv | M ± m | Cv | |
Weight before slaughter, kg | 36.70 ± 1.10 | 1.21 | 47.88 ± 1.14 | 1.24 | 50.02 ± 1.32 | 1.33 |
Carcass weight, kg | 17.20 ± 0.97 | 1.10 | 23.23 ± 0.99 | 1.16 | 24.76 ± 1.01 | 1.22 |
Carcass yield, % | 46.88 | — | 48.51 | — | 49.50 | — |
Raw fat, kg | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 1.10 | 0.68 ± 0.05 | 1.12 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 1.21 |
Slaughter weight, kg | 17.75 ± 0.95 | 1.18 | 23.91 ± 0.97 | 1.21 | 25.75 ± 0.99 | 1.32 |
Slaughter yield, % | 48.36 | — | 49.93 | — | 51.07 | — |
In this case, due to the crossbreeding effect, the advantage in pre-slaughter live weight was in crossbreeds of groups II and III. Animals of the Romanov breed (group I) were inferior to their analogues in the value of the analyzed indicator by 11.1 kg (30.46%, p < 0.001) and 13.32 kg (36.29%, p < 0.001).
Intergroup differences in pre-slaughter live weight determined the unequal level of both absolute and relative carcass weight with the advantage of crossbreeds of groups II and III. Purebred wethers of group I were inferior to them in the first generation by 6.03 kg (35.06%, p < 0.001) and 7.56 kg (43.95%, p < 0.001), the second — by 1.63 and 2.62%. There were no significant intergroup differences in the intracavitary raw fat mass. At the same time, in terms of slaughter mass, there was an advantage of the crossbred young animals of groups II and III over the purebred wethers of group I, which was 6.16 kg (34.70%, p < 0.001) and 8.00 kg (45.07%, p < 0.001), respectively.
Intergroup differences in pre-slaughter and slaughter weight also influenced slaughter yield of young animals in experimental groups. At the same time, purebred wethers of group I were inferior to their crossbred peers of groups II and III in slaughter yield by 1.57 and 2.71%, respectively.
The obtained results indicate the advantage of second-generation crossbreds (group III) in the main indicators characterizing slaughter qualities of young animals. Thus, animals of the second group (first-generation crossbreeds) were inferior to them in pre-slaughter live weight by 2.14 kg (4.47%, p < 0.05), fresh carcass weight — by 1.53 kg (6.59%), its yield — by 0.99%, slaughter weight — by 1.84 kg (7.70%), and slaughter yield — by 1.14%.
Conclusion
The obtained data indicate the prospects of the tested variant of crossing Romanov and Edilbay sheep breeds. The crossbred young animals were distinguished by a higher value of morphometric indices of carcass, the coefficient of fullness of carcass and thigh completeness.
When crossing Romanov ewes with Edilbay rams, a significant increase in the slaughter qualities of the crossbred young animals, especially second-generation wethers, is observed, which is due to the crossbreeding effect.
About the authors
Yusupzhan A. Yuldashbaev
Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Author for correspondence.
Email: yuldashbaev@rgamsha.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7150-1131
SPIN-code: 5687-1473
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Animal Science and Biology
49 Timiryazevskaya st., Moscow, 127550, Russian FederationVladimir I. Kosilov
Orenburg State Agrarian University
Email: kosilov_vi@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4754-1771
SPIN-code: 1802-6176
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Technology of Production and Processing of Livestock Products
18 Chelyuskintsev st., Orenburg, 460014, Russian FederationElena A. Nikonova
Orenburg State Agrarian University
Email: nikonovaEA84@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0906-8362
SPIN-code: 2666-2600
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Technology of Production and Processing of Livestock Products
18 Chelyuskintsev st., Orenburg, 460014, Russian FederationTatyana A. Sedykh
Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Email: nio_bsau@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 4481-5351
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Genetics and Chemistry
20 Lenina st., Ufa, 450001, Russian FederationOlga A. Bykova
Ural State Agrarian University
Email: olbyk75@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5401-3179
SPIN-code: 8510-1625
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Biotechnology and Food Production
42 Karl Liebknecht st., Yekaterinburg, 620075, Russian FederationReferences
- Larionov VG. Food security of Russia. Food policy and Security. 2015;(1):47—58. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18334/ppib.2.1.456
- Trukhachev VI, Iliadi YK, Basonov OA. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity of young sheep of the Gorky breed depending on the age of slaughter. Sheep, goats, wool business. 2023;(3):22—26. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26897/2074-0840-2023-3-22-26
- Balakirev NA, Feyzullaev FR, Goncharov VD, Selina MV. Status and prospects of sheep breeding development in Russia. Agrarian journal of Upper Volga region. 2019;(1):58—63. (In Russ.).
- Shevkhuzhev AF, Bovkun YI. Development of meat-wool crossbred sheep breeding in Karachay-Cherkessia. Zootechniya. 2000;(7):8—10. (In Russ.).
- Khatataev SA, Makarova NN, Korobeynik ES. Nutritional and degustation value of meat from crossed lamb. Zootechniya. 2022;(12):29—31. (In Russ.). doi: 10.25708.ZT.2022.35-57.009
- Shkilev PN, Kosilov VI, Nikonova EA, Andrienko DA. Indicators of bioconversion of the main nutrients of the diet into meat products in the production of mutton of the main breeds of sheep of the Southern Urals. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Stavropol’skogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta zhivotnovodstva i kormoproizvodstva. 2013;1(6):134—139. (In Russ.).
- Kosilov VI, Shkilev PN, Nikonova EA. The influence of sexual dimorphism on the weight and linear growth of the Qigai breed. Sheep, goats, wool business. 2009;(2):110—113. (In Russ.).
- Dvalishvili VG. Meat productivity of young Romanov sheep and crossbreeds (¼ Romanov × ¾ Ile de France). Sheep, goats, wool business. 2023;(1);20—22. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26897/2074-0840-2023-1-20-21
- Erokhin AI, Karasev EA, Erokhin SA. Intensifikatsiya proizvodstva i povyshenie kachestva myasa ovets [Intensification of production and improvement of the quality of sheep meat]. Moscow; 2015; (In Russ.).
- Kolosov YA, Gubanov IS, Aboneev VV. Efficiency of crossing in mutton production. Izvestiya Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2018;(4):310—312. (In Russ.).
- Magomadov TA, Nikitchenko DV, Nikitchenko VE. Growth of muscles and bones in rams of the Kuibyshev breed. Sheep, goats, wool business. 2007;(1):61—63. (In Russ.).
- Nikitchenko DV, Nikitchenko VE, Panov VP. Formation of skeletal muscles in sheep of the Kuibyshev breed in postnatal ontogenesis. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2012;(2):136—146. (In Russ.).
- Erokhin AI, Magomadov TA, Erokhin SA, Sycheva IN, Pakhomova EV. Efficiency of industrial crossing of the main breeds of sheep in Russia with rams of different directions of productivity. Sheep, goats, wool business. 2023;(2):7—13. (In Russ.).
- Erokhin AI, Karasev EA, Magomadov TA, Erokhin SA. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat products from sheep of different directions of productivity. Sheep, goats, wool business. 2017;(4):24—26. (In Russ.).
- Shkilev PN, Gazeev IR, Nikonova EA. Biological value of mutton of Tsigay, Yuzhnouralskaya and Stavropolskaya sheep breeds taking into account their age, sex and castration. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2011;(1):181—185. (In Russ.).
Supplementary files
