Quantitative assessment of fetal blood flow in dogs
- Authors: Shumeyko A.V.1, Slesarenko N.A.1, Kolyadina N.I.1
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Affiliations:
- Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin
- Issue: Vol 20, No 1 (2025): Therapeutic case of animal welfare
- Pages: 126-138
- Section: Morphology and ontogenesis of animals
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/20173
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2025-20-1-126-138
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IQUGGB
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Abstract
The study aims to present quantitative features of fetal blood flow in dogs based on ultrasonography and ultrasonometry data to predict intrauterine fetal development. Based on the use of ultrasonography and ultrasonometry, the umbilical cord vessel resistance index in dogs was established. The advantages of the umbilical artery resistance index in comparison with other indices in assessing fetal maturity and fetal distress were revealed. The features of blood flow were established in normally developing fetuses and in fetuses with intrauterine pathologies. The developed methodology of a complex quantitative assessment of fetal blood flow in dogs is an effective tool for predicting the course of pregnancy, diagnosing intrauterine development pathologies, and making informed decisions regarding pregnancy management and parturition in dogs.
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Fig. 1. Ultrasound image reflecting the biparietal diameter of a French bulldog on the 58th day of pregnancy
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine.
Fig. 2. The method of fetal heart rate monitoring
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine.
Fig. 3. Macromorphological picture of umbilical cord vessels (marked with arrows)
Source: compiled by A.V. Shumeyko at MDVC MVA
Fig. 4. Morphological pattern of umbilical cord vessels: а — sonogram; б — original gross specimen
Source: fig. 4a compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine; fig. 4b compiled by A.V. Shumeyko at MDVC MVA.
Fig. 5. Scanning of umbilical cord vessels in a dog fetus in color Doppler and B-mode. The numbers indicate the vessels of the arterial (2, 4) and venous (1, 3) beds
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine.
Fig. 6. The method of determining the umbilical artery resistance index (а) and a schematic drawing of the insonation angle (б)
Source: fig. 6a compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine; fig. 6b created by A.V. Shumeyko in Microsoft Paint.
Fig.7. Macromorphological pattern of the fetus and extra-embryonic structures
Source: compiled by A.V. Shumeyko at MDVC MVA.
Fig. 8. Ultrasound imaging of placental vessels in the CDI mode in a Boston Terrier female
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine.
Heart rate indicators in normally developing fetuses and in fetuses with pathologies detected by ultrasound on days 56–60, 61–63 of pregnancy
Fetuses | Fetal heart rate in dogs | |||
small breeds | medium breeds | |||
at rest | during physical activity | at rest | during physical activity | |
56—60th days | ||||
No identified pathologies | 221 ± 0.8 | 232 ± 1.1 | 210 ± 0.6 | 217 ± 0.6 |
With signs of fetal distress | 199 ± 0.2 | 202 ± 0.3 | 201 ± 0.3 | 203 ± 0.3 |
61—63rd days | ||||
No identified pathologies | 194 ± 0.2 | 210 ± 0.6 | 184 ± 0.1 | 203 ± 0.3 |
With signs of fetal distress | 170 ± 0.09 | 172 ± 0.08 | 172 ± 0.09 | 173 ± 0.09 |
Source: compiled by A.V. Shumeyko at MDVC MVA.
Fig. 9. Diagram of changes in the umbilical artery resistance index at the end of pregnancy
Source: created by A.V. Shumeyko in PowerPoint.
About the authors
Anastasia V. Shumeyko
Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin
Author for correspondence.
Email: shumeykonastya1996@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6062-4526
SPIN-code: 7383-2793
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Disease Diagnosis, Therapy, Obstetrics and Animal Reproduction
23 Academician Skryabina st., Moscow, 109472, Russian FederationNatalya A. Slesarenko
Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin
Email: slesarenko2009@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8350-5965
SPIN-code: 8955-1670
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology named after Professor A.F. Klimov
23 Academician Skryabina st., Moscow, 109472, Russian FederationNatalia I. Kolyadina
Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin
Email: nkoliadina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1330-0526
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, veterinarian - reproductologist of the Medical and Diagnostic Veterinary Center "MDVC MVA"
23 Academician Skryabina st., Moscow, 109472, Russian FederationReferences
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Supplementary files
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine.
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine
Source: compiled by A.V. Shumeyko at MDVC MVA
Source: fig. 4a compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine; fig. 4b compiled by A.V. Shumeyko at MDVC MVA.
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine.
Source: fig. 6a compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine; fig. 6b created by A.V. Shumeyko in Microsoft Paint.
Source: compiled by A.V. Shumeyko at MDVC MVA.
Source: compiled by N.I. Kolyadina, A.V. Shumeyko on the Mindray Vetus 8 Ultrasound Machine
Source: created by A.V. Shumeyko in PowerPoint
