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Reproductive capacity and milk production of cows depending on their physio-logical status during lactation
- Authors: Kornelaeva M.V.1, Karlikova G.G.1
-
Affiliations:
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry
- Issue: Vol 17, No 4 (2022)
- Pages: 484-498
- Section: Animal breeding
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19831
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2022-17-4-484-498
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Abstract
Due to violation of husbandry, feeding, milking, non-observance of sanitary requirements, especially in postpartum period, cases of endometritis, mastitis and limb diseases in cows increase in conditions of intensive cattle breeding. These diseases adversely affect reproductive and productive qualities of animals, thus causing great financial losses to agribusiness. Therefore, increasing longevity of animals, reducing percentage of their elimination due to various diseases, reducing risk of economically significant diseases in dairy herds by selecting highly productive animals with high resistance to common diseases are relevant. The aim of the research was to study phenotypic relationship between fertility level and milk production of black-motley Holsteinized cows with different diseases at the farm in Moscow region. The research materials were 1234 records of diseases - endometritis, mastitis and limb diseases - obtained from veterinary outpatient logs (2015-2021) of the breeding organization. Information about 5 signs of milk productivity and 3 signs of fertility of the studied population of black-motley Holsteinized dairy cattle was taken from ‘Seleks’ database. According to the results, significant (p < 0.01) increase was observed in sick animals in comparison with healthy ones: number of inseminations per lactation - b y 33.5 %, open days - b y 7.3 %, milk days - b y 4.35 %. Milk yield was higher by 19.4 % (p < 0.01), fat and protein mass fraction - by 0.32 and 0.33 % (p < 0.01), respectively, fat and protein yield - b y 82 and 69 kg (p < 0.01), respectively, compared to healthy animals. When comparing the indices in animals with one, two and three diseases, significant differences were obtained both between the groups with single diseases and complexes. For fertility traits, the indices increased significantly with the number of diseases from 4 to 20 % for individual traits. For milk production traits, there was a tendency for indices to decrease with increasing number of diseases.
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Table 1. Number of records of cows with different disease groups
Group no. | Diseases | Number of records n |
1 | Endometritis E | 888 |
2 | Mastitis M | 309 |
3 | Limb diseases L | 288 |
4 | Endometritis + Mastitis (E+M) | 163 |
5 | Endometritis + Limb diseases (E+L) | 171 |
6 | Mastitis + Limb diseases (M+L) | 71 |
7 | Endometritis + Mastitis + Limb diseases (E+M+L) | 43 |
Table 2. Number of records of cows by disease groups in view of lactation
Lactation number | Group of diseases | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
1 | 331 | 65 | 88 | 38 | 60 | 15 | 11 |
2 | 237 | 91 | 77 | 42 | 38 | 20 | 9 |
3 | 157 | 83 | 55 | 39 | 29 | 16 | 8 |
4 | 92 | 37 | 46 | 21 | 29 | 10 | 7 |
5 | 41 | 17 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 5 |
6 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
7 and up | 12 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
TOTAL | 888 | 309 | 288 | 163 | 171 | 71 | 43 |
Note: for decoding of the names of disease groups, see Table. 1.
Table 3. Reproduction traits and milk production traits (in 305 days) in healthy cows and cows with diseases
Trait | Healthy (9231) | Diseased (1234) |
Insemination rate, times | 2.1±0.02*** | 2.8±0.06*** |
Open days, days | 150±1.15*** | 161±2.75*** |
Milk days, days | 360±1.07*** | 375±2.60*** |
Milk yield, kg | 7034±15.7*** | 8398±44.9*** |
Mass fraction of fat,% | 4.09±0.01*** | 4.41±0.01*** |
Fat yield, kg | 288±0.7*** | 370±2.3*** |
Mass fraction of protein,% | 3.08±0.01*** | 3.41±0.01*** |
Protein yield, kg | 217±0.5*** | 286±1.7*** |
Note: ***p < 0.01.
Table 4. Reproduction traits and milk production traits (in 305 days) in cows with diseases in different groups
Trait | Groups of diseases | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
Insemination rate, times | 2.77 ±0.07 | 2.93 ±0.12 | 2.92 ±0.11 | 3.18 ±0.18B | 2.92 ±0.14 | 2.92 ±0.21 | 3.19 ±0.29 |
Open days, days | 160 ±3.2 | 168 ±5.7 | 181 ±6.2A | 183 ±8.6A | 188 ±8.3A | 172 ±12.2 | 192 ±17.7C |
Milk days, days | 375 ±3.0 | 377 ±5.2 | 394 ±5.8A | 390 ±7.9C | 400 ±7.9A | 385 ±11.8 | 404 ±16.9C |
Milk yield, kg | 8428 ±52.9 | 8224 ±92.9C | 8275 ±88.7 | 8296 ±128.8 | 8282 ±111.1 | 8187 ±177.2 | 8207 ±212.3 |
Mass fraction of fat,% | 4.39 ±0.02 | 4.46 ±0.03C | 4.43 ±0.03 | 4.42 ±0.04 | 4.41 ±0.04 | 4.49 ±0.07 | 4.45 ±0.09 |
Fat yield, kg | 369 ±2.7 | 366.33 ±4.6 | 366 ±4.4 | 367 ±6.7 | 365 ±5.5 | 366 ±8.9 | 365 ±11.5 |
Mass fraction of protein,% | 3.41 ±0.01 | 3.42 ±0.01 | 3.40 ±0.01 | 3.44 ±0.02 | 3.42 ±0.02 | 3.41 ±0.02 | 3.44 ±0.03 |
Protein yield, kg | 287 ±1.9 | 281 ±3.3 | 281 ±3.2C | 285 ±4.6 | 283 ±4.0 | 279 ±6.2 | 282 ±7.2 |
Note: A — p < 0.01; B — p < 0.05(); C — p < 0.1. For decoding of the names of disease groups, see Table. 1.
Table 5. Indices of insemination rate and open days in cows of different ages in all groups
Groups of diseases | Insemination rate, times | Open days, days | ||||
Lactation | Lactation | |||||
1 | 3 | 7 and up | 1 | 3 | 7 and up | |
1 (E) | 2.77±0.11 | 2.85±0.17 | 3.00±0.43 | 165±5.6 | 157±7.4 | 150±18.4 |
2 (M) | 3.26±0.31 | 3.29±0.26 | 1.86±0.34A | 189±15.5 | 172±10.0 | 106±18.5A |
3 (L) | 3.14±0.20 | 2.60±0.23C | 2.00±0.58C | 202±12.2 | 160.71±13.2B | 97.67±23.1A |
4 (E+M) | 3.53±0.46 | 3.69±0.43 | 2.25±0.48C | 208±23.2 | 189±16.3 | 118±27.6B |
5 (E+L) | 3.03±0.23 | 2.59±0.29 | 2.50±0.50 | 197±14.3 | 169±17.8 | 103±39.0B |
6 (M+L) | 3.80±0.58 | 3.00±0.40 | 2.00±0.58B | 240±35.4 | 169±19.9C | 98±23.1A |
7 (E+M+L) | 3.91±0.77 | 3.50±0.57 | 2.50±0.50 | 251±47.3 | 190±30.8 | 103±39.0B |
Note: A — p < 0.01; B — p < 0.05(); C— p < 0.1 (comparison in the group with first lactation). For decoding of the names of disease groups, see Table. 1.
Table 6. Indices of milk days and milk yield in cows of different ages in all groups
Groups of diseases | Milk days, days |
| Milk yield, kg |
| ||
Lactation |
| Lactation |
| |||
1 | 3 | 7 and up | 1 | 3 | 7 and up | |
1 (E) | 383±5.5 | 369±6.6 | 356±16.4 | 7689±68.66 | 9070±128.3A | 7342±332.7 |
2 (M) | 405±15.1 | 378±8.8 | 316±13.5A | 7344±127.3 | 8745±186.5A | 6570±289.2B |
3 (L) | 418±11.5 | 373±12.4A | 314±19.7A | 7652±122.8 | 8532±207.2A | 6942±325.2B |
4 (E+M) | 421±22.6 | 390±13.6 | 322±16.7A | 7356±172.8 | 8752±273.2A | 7116±181.8 |
5 (E+L) | 417±14.2 | 381±16.0C | 318±33.5A | 7787±148.9 | 8601±276.7B | 7264±83.0A |
6 (M+L) | 461±34.8 | 378±18.8B | 314±19.7A | 7572±282.3 | 8385±374.0C | 6942±325.2 |
7 (E+M+L) | 472±46.4 | 402±23.5 | 318±33.5B | 7804±261.2 | 8347±442.3 | 7264±83.0C |
Note: A— p < 0.01; B — p < 0.05(); C— p < 0.1 (comparison in the group with first lactation). For decoding of the names of disease groups, see Table. 1.
About the authors
Maria V. Kornelaeva
L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry
Email: karlikovagalina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9021-1404
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Population Genetics and Genetic Fundamentals of Animal Breeding
60 Dubrovitsy settlement, Podolsk district, Moscow region, 142132, Russian FederationGalina G. Karlikova
L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry
Author for correspondence.
Email: marikornelaeva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5674-6694
Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher, Department of Population Genetics and Genetic Fundamentals of Animal Breeding
60 Dubrovitsy settlement, Podolsk district, Moscow region, 142132, Russian FederationReferences
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