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Soybean varietal response to irrigation and fertilization in the Lower Volga region
- Authors: Tolokonnikov V.V.1, Vronskaya L.V.1, Agapova S.A.1
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Affiliations:
- Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture
- Issue: Vol 18, No 3 (2023)
- Pages: 320-333
- Section: Crop production
- URL: https://agrojournal.rudn.ru/agronomy/article/view/19922
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2023-18-3-320-333
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MJFBQE
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Abstract
The research was conducted to study the responsiveness of soybean cultivars with different maturation periods to irrigation water and fertilizer and to select cultivars that provide high yields while saving water and agrochemical resources. The method of laying the field experiment was applied (B.A. Dospekhov, 1979). We used different cultivars of RRIIA breeding and doses of fertilizers designed to obtain a yield of 2.5 to 4.5 t/ha of grain. The plot area was 35 m2. The factorial experiment was conducted with four replications. An irrigation regime of 80 % FMC was achieved by watering 0.4 m layer of soil until budding phase and during ripening period — full ripeness. During the generative periods of development of agrophytocenosis (budding — filling of seeds in beans), the moisture inflow into the soil was increased to a depth of 0.6 m. The share of irrigation water increased significantly in years with hydrothermal coefficient GTC02 (2020) — up to 76.5 % — compared to more favorable years with GTC05 (2019). Early maturing cultivars were characterized by the lowest consumption of irrigation water per season: VNIIOZ 86 (3138…4014 m3/ha) and Volgogradka 2 (3653…4381 m3/ha), compared to mid-season cultivars VNIIOZ 31 and Volgogradka 3 (4078…5027 m3/ha). Cv. Volgogradka 2 had the greatest responsiveness to irrigation water — 3.57 t/ha and the lowest water consumption coefficient — 1136 m3/t of grain compared to other cultivars with indicators of 2.81…3.74 t/ha; 1235…1297 m3/t, respectively. For the first time, under irrigation in the Lower Volga region, the technology for obtaining high levels of grain yield of 2.97…4.27 t/ha was improved through the use of genotype of cultivar of regional breeding (Volgogradka 2, Volgogradka 3) and improved mineral nutrition of plants based on a programmed yield (2.5…4.5 t/ha).
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Table 1. Structure of total water consumption of soybean crops in contrasting years in terms of moisture supply
Cultivar | Year | Hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) | Water balance indicators | Total water consumption, m³/ha | |||||
Watering | Precipitation | Moisture in soil | |||||||
m³/ha | % | m³/ha | % | m³/ha | % | ||||
Early maturing cultivars | |||||||||
VNIIOZ 86 | 2019 | 0.5 | 1549 | 49.4 | 1170 | 37.3 | 418 | 13.3 | 3138 |
2020 | 0.2 | 2950 | 73.5 | 636 | 15.8 | 428 | 10.7 | 4014 | |
Volgogradka 2 | 2019 | 0.5 | 2000 | 54.7 | 1271 | 34.8 | 383 | 10.5 | 3653 |
2020 | 0.2 | 3250 | 74.2 | 687 | 15.7 | 444 | 10.1 | 4381 | |
Mid-season cultivars | |||||||||
VNIIOZ 31 | 2019 | 0.5 | 2249 | 55.1 | 1451 | 35.6 | 377 | 9.2 | 4078 |
2020 | 0.2 | 3550 | 75.2 | 700 | 14.8 | 468 | 10 | 4718 | |
Volgogradka 3 | 2019 | 0.5 | 2500 | 54 | 1733 | 37.4 | 398 | 8.6 | 4631 |
2020 | 0.2 | 3849 | 76.5 | 700 | 13.9 | 477 | 9.5 | 5027 | |
Table 2. Productivity of soybean plants depending on cultivar and cultivation year under irrigation
Cultivar | Productivity, t/ha | Water consumption coefficient, m3/t | ||||
2019 | 2020 | Average | 2019 | 2020 | Average | |
Early maturing cultivars | ||||||
VNIIOZ 86 | 2.92 | 2.69 | 2.81 | 1074 | 1492 | 1283 |
Volgogradka 2 | 3.74 | 3.39 | 3.57 | 977 | 1292 | 1136 |
Mid-season cultivars | ||||||
VNIIOZ 31 | 3.89 | 3.32 | 3.61 | 1048 | 1421 | 1235 |
Volgogradka 3 | 3.92 | 3.56 | 3.74 | 1181 | 1412 | 1297 |
LSD05 | 0.23 | 0.21 |
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Table 3. Effect of fertilizer doses on photosynthesis indicators of soybean cultivars under irrigation
Cultivar | Variant | Indicators | |||||
Programmed yield, t/ha | NPK, | Maximum leaf surface area, thousand | Photosynthetic potential, million m2×days/ha | Net productivity of photosynthesis, g/m2 | Dry biomass increments, t/ha | Share of grain in total biomass, % | |
VNIIOZ 86 | — | Control | 54.8 | 2 | 11.3 | 17 | 14.7 |
2.5 | 56 | 62.9 | 2.1 | 6.1 | 14.1 | 21.9 | |
3.5 | 90 | 56.8 | 2.3 | 6.5 | 14.4 | 21.8 | |
4.5 | 112 | 64.3 | 2.5 | 6 | 16.4 | 22.9 | |
Volgogradka 2 | — | Control | 62.9 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 15.3 | 16.6 |
2.5 | 56 | 61.5 | 2.4 | 5.4 | 16.6 | 19.6 | |
3.5 | 90 | 72.6 | 2.7 | 5.7 | 17.1 | 21.6 | |
4.5 | 112 | 70.8 | 2.9 | 6.3 | 19.3 | 21.9 | |
VNIIOZ 31 | — | Control | 61.7 | 2.6 | 6.7 | 17.6 | 14.2 |
2.5 | 56 | 77.9 | 2.7 | 8.2 | 21.2 | 15.5 | |
3.5 | 90 | 74.7 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 20.6 | 18.2 | |
4.5 | 112 | 80.2 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 20.8 | 19.9 | |
Volgogradka 3 | — | Control | 83.8 | 3.1 | 9 | 20.7 | 12 |
2.5 | 56 | 75.2 | 4.1 | 7.9 | 19.2 | 19.1 | |
3.5 | 90 | 89.4 | 3 | 8 | 19.3 | 22.4 | |
4.5 | 112 | 87.4 | 3.3 | 8.4 | 21.8 | 21 | |
Table 4. Influence of fertilizer doses on formation of structural elements of productivity in soybean cultivars under irrigation, (average for 2019–2021)
Cultivar | Variant | Indicators | |||||
Programmed yield, t/ha | NPK, | Number of plants before harvesting, thousand plants/ha | Weight of grains per plant, g | Weight of 1000 grains, g | Grains per plant | Lower bean attachment height, m | |
VNIIOZ 86 | — | Control | 42.3 | 5.4 | 156.7 | 34.8 | 0.06 |
2.5 | 56 | 42.3 | 6.9 | 169.3 | 40.5 | 0.09 | |
3.5 | 90 | 43.8 | 7.3 | 164.7 | 44.3 | 0.12 | |
4.5 | 112 | 43.9 | 8.1 | 169.0 | 48.1 | 0.12 | |
Volgogradka 2 | — | Control | 44.5 | 5.2 | 146.7 | 35.9 | 0.12 |
2.5 | 56 | 45.1 | 6.2 | 192.7 | 32.2 | 0.14 | |
3.5 | 90 | 45.7 | 7.4 | 190.7 | 38.8 | 0.15 | |
4.5 | 112 | 45.4 | 8.5 | 184.7 | 46.6 | 0.15 | |
VNIIOZ 31 | — | Control | 45.2 | 5.3 | 150.2 | 34.6 | 0.13 |
2.5 | 56 | 46.0 | 7.0 | 179.4 | 39.0 | 0.14 | |
3.5 | 90 | 45.7 | 7.8 | 193.0 | 40.4 | 0.15 | |
4.5 | 112 | 45.9 | 8.4 | 186.6 | 45.0 | 0.16 | |
Volgogradka 3 | — | Control | 46.1 | 5.2 | 108.0 | 49.4 | 0.13 |
2.5 | 56 | 45.5 | 7.6 | 129.3 | 58.7 | 0.15 | |
3.5 | 90 | 46.4 | 8.2 | 137.3 | 59.1 | 0.17 | |
4.5 | 112 | 44.7 | 9.7 | 134.0 | 73.5 | 0.18 | |
Table 5. Effect of fertilizers on soybean yield under irrigation, (average for 2019–2021)
Cultivar | Variant | Productivity, t/ha | Deviation from control | Yield increase per 1 kg of fertilizer, kg | ||
Programmed yield, t/ha | NPK, kg/ha | Absolute indicatoк, t/ha | % | |||
Early maturing cultivars | ||||||
VNIIOZ 86 | — | Control | 2.33 | — | — | — |
2.5 | 56 | 2.97 | 0.64 | 27.5 | 11.4 | |
3.5 | 90 | 3.25 | 0.92 | 39.5 | 10.2 | |
4.5 | 112 | 3.60 | 1.27 | 54.5 | 11.3 | |
Volgogradka 2 | — | Control | 2.4 | — | — | — |
2.5 | 56 | 2.92 | 0.52 | 21.7 | 9.2 | |
3.5 | 90 | 3.51 | 1.11 | 46.3 | 12.3 | |
4.5 | 112 | 3.96 | 1.56 | 65.0 | 13.9 | |
Mid-season cultivars | ||||||
VNIIOZ 31 | — | Control | 2.49 | — | — | — |
2.5 | 56 | 3.26 | 0.77 | 30.9 | 13.7 | |
3.5 | 90 | 3.64 | 1.15 | 46.2 | 12.7 | |
4.5 | 112 | 4.05 | 1.56 | 62.7 | 13.9 | |
Volgogradka 3 | — | Control | 2.48 | — | — | — |
2.5 | 56 | 3.52 | 1.04 | 41.9 | 18.5 | |
3.5 | 90 | 3.89 | 1.41 | 56.9 | 15.6 | |
4.5 | 112 | 4.27 | 1.79 | 72.2 | 15.9 | |
Factor A | 0.20 |
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Factor В | 0.23 |
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Impact АВ | 0.23 |
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About the authors
Vladimir V. Tolokonnikov
Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture
Author for correspondence.
Email: tolokonnikov@vniioz.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5457-0947
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
9 Timiryazeva st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian FederationLyubov V. Vronskaya
Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture
Email: vronskaya-l@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7753-9229
Junior researcher
9 Timiryazeva st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian FederationSvetlana A. Agapova
Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture
Email: sveta-sxi@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5159-6578
Junior researcher
9 Timiryazeva st., Volgograd, 400002, Russian FederationReferences
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