Application of nitrogen fertilizers to spring wheat on meadowchernozem soil in the Omsk Irtysh region

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Abstract

The effectiveness of fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers in cultivation of spring common wheat was studied in the conditions of the Omsk Irtysh region on meadow-chernozem medium-sized medium-humus heavy loamy soil. The research object was spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. ‘Melodiya’. The purpose of the research was to establish the effectiveness of fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers depending on the level of labile phosphorus in meadow-chernozem soil on yield and grain quality of spring common wheat in the conditions of the Omsk Irtysh region. The field experiment had three factors (2×4×2): Factor A — phosphorus background: 1. No fertilizers; 2. Application of P30 a. i./ha; factor B — main application of ammonium nitrate in increasing doses: 0, N30, N45, N60; factor C — foliar feeding with ammonium nitrate and carbamide at a dose of N30: 1. Once in heading stage; 2. Twice in heading stage and milky ripeness. It was found that the most effective was main application of nitrogen-p hosphorus fertilizers in doses of N30–45P30; crop productivity in these variants increases by 40…48 % in comparison with the nonfertilized variants due to the gain in 1000-seed weight (r = 0.40…0.42), productive stooling (r = 0.83). The agronomic profitableness of one kg of a. i./ha applied fertilizers in these variants was 21.5 and 19.9 kg of grain with 7.5 and 6.1 kg increase in protein content, respectively. Late foliar sprayings, regardless of their number, did not increase crop productivity and quality of wheat grain. Thus, fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers in years with insufficient moisture levels (hydrothermal index 0.6–0.7) is not effective.

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Fig. 1. The effect of fertilization on yield of spring wheat depending on the phosphorus background: a — Background P0; б — Background P30 (LSD05 А — 0.23; В — 0.33; С — Ff < Ft; АВС — 0.80)
Source: created by the authors

Fig. 2. Effect of the main application of nitrogen fertilizers on yield of spring wheat
Source: created by the authors

 

Fig. 3. The share of influence of the studied factors on yield of spring wheat
Source: created by the authors

Table 1. Spring wheat grain quality indicators

Factor

Variant

Protein content, %

Grain size, g/l

Glassiness, %

Gluten content, %

Factor В

N0

15.9*/16.2**

732/737

53/53

32/31

N30

16.8/16.4

731/739

53/53

32/31

N45

17.0/16.7

729/732

54/55

34/34

N60

16.7/16.7

736/736

54/55

33/34

Factor С

Foliar feeding 0

16.4/16.4

735/734

53/54

32/33

Foliar feeding 1

16.5/16.6

731/734

54/54

32/33

Foliar feeding 2

16.9/16.7

730/741

54/54

35/33

Average by factor А

Р0

16.6

732

54

33

Р30

16.6

736

54

33

LSD05 А

В

С

Ff < Ft 0,5

Ff < Ft

Ff < Ft

Ff < Ft

Ff < Ft

Ff < Ft

Note: * — by background Р0; ** — by background Р30.

Table 2. Agronomic payback, kg/kg

Variant

Foliar feeding 0

Foliar feeding 1

Foliar feeding 2

Background Р0

N0

0/0

4.7/0.8

2.0/0.4

N30

10.3/2.4

5.0/1.1

6.7/1.5

N45

11.1/2.4

7.6/1.6

3.6/1.0

N60

6.2/1.3

6.9/1.4

3.4/1.0

Background Р30

N0

21.3/3.7

8.8/1.6

8.3/1.4

N30

21.5/7.5

14.6/2.6

8.8/1.6

N45

19.9/6.1

9.9/1.9

9.6/1.9

N60

13.0/3.4

10.3/1.9

7.6/1.5

Note: payback of 1 kg of the active substance by adding: *— crop; **— protein.

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About the authors

Natalya A. Voronkova

Omsk Agricultural Research Center

Email: voronkova.67@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4797-9765
SPIN-code: 7745-7881

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Agrochemistry

26 Korolev ave., Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation

Nadezhda A. Tsyganova

Omsk Agricultural Research Center

Email: duxa21@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-6365-7303
SPIN-code: 5142-3159

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Agrochemistry

26 Korolev ave., Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation

Natalya F. Balabanova

Omsk Agricultural Research Center

Email: natascha.balabanowa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1445-2203
SPIN-code: 1213-6542

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Agrochemistry

26 Korolev ave., Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation

Victoria A. Volkova

Omsk Agricultural Research Center

Author for correspondence.
Email: volkovava1989@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3798-1116
SPIN-code: 7243-4843

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Agrochemistry

26 Korolev ave., Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation

Irina V. Pakhotina

Omsk Agricultural Research Center

Email: ira.pakhotina.72@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9709-1951
SPIN-code: 4557-8357

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Grain Quality

26 Korolev ave., Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. Fig. 1. The effect of fertilization on yield of spring wheat depending on the phosphorus background: a — Background P0; б — Background P30 (LSD05 А — 0.23; В — 0.33; С — Ff < Ft; АВС — 0.80)

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2. Fig. 2. Effect of the main application of nitrogen fertilizers on yield of spring wheat

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3. Fig. 3. The share of influence of the studied factors on yield of spring wheat

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Copyright (c) 2024 Voronkova N.A., Tsyganova N.A., Balabanova N.F., Volkova V.A., Pakhotina I.V.

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