RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries

Editor-in-Chief: Yuri A. Vatnikov, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Agrarian-Technological Institute of RUDN University

ISSN: 2312-797Х (Print) ISSN: 2312-7988 (Online)

Founded in 2006. Publication frequency: quarterly.

Peer-Review: double blind. Publication language: Russian, English

Open Access: Open AccessAPC: no article processing charge.

PUBLISHERPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)

Indexation: Russian Index of Science Citation, RSCI, WJCI, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, CABI,  AGRIS, WorldCat, Cyberleninka, East View, DOAJ, Dimensions, ResearchBib, Research4Life, Lens, JournalTOCs

For previous titles of the journal, see history of the Journal

 

"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries" is intended for publication of the results of fundamental and applied scientific research of Russian and foreign scientists (Agriculture) in the form of scientific articles, reviewing scientific materials, scientific reports, bibliographic reviews on certain topics of scientific research, historical information on figures of Russian and foreign science. The journal can publish materials whose scientific value and suitability for publication is estimated by the editorial board of the journal based on the results of peer review.

The composition of the Editorial Board consists of Russian and foreign experts who have made a significant contribution to the development of agriculture.

The journal is on the list of periodicals, which are recommended by the Highest Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation for the publication of abstracts of dissertation research.

You can subscribe to printed issues of the journal in any post office (the agency directory "Rospechat") or in the RUDN publishing house.

Since 2008 journal editions in abstract-bibliographic and full text form are available (Open Access) on the journal website and in the database of the Russian Science Citation Index on the platform of the Scientific Electronic Library elibrary.ru.

Focus and Scope, Cection Policies, Requirements for accepted articles , peer review rules , and other additional information are available in the relevant sections of this site.

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Current Issue

Vol 19, No 2 (2024)

Crop production

Comparative characteristics of Medicago × varia and Medicago sativa cultivars of various ecological and geographical origin cultivated in the Northern Caspian
Bulakhtina G.K., Kudryashova N.I., Hyupinina E.V.
Abstract

 In order to restore heavily degraded unproductive natural fodder lands, increase fodder value, create perennial cultivated pastures and hayfields, prevent soil erosion in arid regions of Russia, it is necessary to study the adaptive potential of various species and varieties of alfalfa and use highly nutritious, high-yielding, drought-­resistant, hardy varieties for reclamation that are able to grow in extreme conditions. The aim of the work was to conduct an adaptation assessment and selection of alfalfa varieties and species for use in the restoration of arid degraded pasture ecosystems in the semi-desert zone of southern Russia. In one-factor field experiment conducted in 2020–2021, 44 alfalfa varieties from the collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources were studied. The eperiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of Ivanov A.I. et al., 1985; Dospekhov B.A., 1985; Gringof I.G., Lynov Y.S., 1991; Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2015. According to the results of the second year of competitive testing, 29 accessions of alfalfa which exceeded standard indicators for productivity of green mass and seeds were selected for further study. Only 6 accessions were identified as the best in green mass yield compared to the standard (hybrid alfalfa Pestraya 57, Priuralskaya, Kizlyarskaya; alfalfa Karakalpakskaya 37, Karakalpakskaya 15, Mex-­Son). 19 accessions exceeded seed productivity of the standard by 9.0…154.9 g/m2, and 9 accessions had significantly higher indicators (alfalfa Kust, King, Zia, Karakalpakskaya 37, Irtyshskaya; hybrid alfalfa Karagandinskaya 1, Kizlyarskaya, Kizlyarskaya sinegibridnaya, Flora 2). Two accessions — hybrid alfalfa Kizlyarskaya and alfalfa Karakalpakskaya 37 — significantly exceeded standard indicators (green mass and seed). In the future, we plan to continue studying the two accessions for use in breeding.

 

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):201-210
pages 201-210 views
Evaluation of growthstimulating activity of substances contained in bark-containing wastewater from woodworking industry
Dyagileva A.B., Mikhailova S.B., Smirnova A.I.
Abstract

The possibility of using an aqueous extract of bark-containing mass of wastewater formed during wood processing as growth stimulator for various crops was considered. The proposed technological solution meets the modern requirements to improve the environmental efficiency of enterprises in woodworking industry, contributes to the expansion of the range of goods which can be used in related industries, including the agroindustrial complex to increase its productivity. Studies on testing extractive substances of bark-containing mass at various dilutions as a growth stimulant for a number of test crops (spring common wheat cv. Rada and garden cress cv. Azhur) were carried out. The cambium layer of wood contains all the necessary substances required for higher plants and is most susceptible to destruction under the influence of water and mechanical forces during wood processing at the stage of bark separation. In this regard, the possibility of using aqueous extracts from the bark of various wood species as growth stimulants was investigated. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of a complex of bark extractives on biometric parameters of the test crops depending on the dilution factor of the concentrated bark-containing wastewater from wood processing. It was established that specially prepared aqueous extracts from the bark have pronounced growth-s timulating effects (significant increase in root length by 35…40 % and sprouts - by more than 42…44 %) and can be used as growth stimulants in seed preparation. The method of producing growth stimulants based on bark-containing wastewater is protected by a patent.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):211-227
pages 211-227 views
The effect of chemicals with various spectrum of action on yield of potato mini-tubers cv. Ariel and cv. Sadon grown in protected ground
Malkova T.S., Demyanova-Roy G.B.
Abstract

In the complex of priority directions for development of potato production in the Russian Federation, the most urgent task is to increase efficiency of using varietal resources of the best domestic breeding achievements, as well as development of modern technological schemes for production of initial, original and elite seed potatoes. Recently, many attempts have been made to improve the technology of growing potato mini-tubers, which belong to the category of starting material in seed production, in order to obtain the maximum number of tubers per unit area. The main goal of the research was to study the effect of biological agents: Albit (poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid + magnesium sulfate + potassium phosphoric acid + potassium nitrate + carbamide), BisolbiSan (Bacillus subtilis, strain H-13 + metabolites obtained during the cultivation of the strain), Prorastin (N, P2O5, K2O, Cu, Co, Zn, humic acids, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins), Polystine (N, P2O5, K2O, Cu, Co, Zn, fulvic acids, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins) and a product based on fungal arbuscular mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis) on yield of conditioned mini-tubers of potato cv. Ariel and cv. Sadon and their average weight by fractions in protected soil conditions. The one-factor experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of spring-­summer type. Potato micro-­plants were grown in 5L plastic pots filled with soil Agrobalt-­C. Experiment variants: 1) Control (without treatment); 2) Albit, pre-treatment + two foliar dressings; 3) BisolbiSan, pre-treatment+3 foliar dressings; 4) Prorastin + Polystin, pre-treatment (Prorastin) + 2 foliar dressings (Polystin); 5) Product based on the fungal arbuscular mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), pre-treatment of micro-­plants. It was found that Prorastin and Polystin and treatment of the root system of micro-­plants before planting with bioagent based on the fungal arbuscular mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis) provided the best indicators for yield of conditioned mini-tubers cv. Ariel and average weight of tubers of both cultivars.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):228-238
pages 228-238 views
Productivity of fodder crops cultivated in monoculture and crop rotation in steppe zone of the Southern Urals
Skorokhodov V.Y.
Abstract

The problems of producing and increasing feed volume for livestock industry when growing agricultural feed crops in crop rotation system in the Southern Urals were studied. The possibility of growing forage crops in permanent cultivation under two fertilization regimes was considered. The characteristic features of climate conditions during 32 years of research were described, 10 of them correspond to desert conditions (hydrothermal index < 0.4). Based on the study of corn cultivation for silage in monocropping, it was established that this variant of the experiment was the most productive both without fertilizer application (283.62 thousand fodder units from 3 hectares of arable land) and when using mineral fertilizers (303.06 thousand fodder units). Growing barley in crop rotation with soil-protective fallow provides the crop yield of 67.13 thousand fodder units from 1 hectare (total for 1990–2021).

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):239-249
pages 239-249 views
The effect of thermovermiculite on the early stages of vegetable growth and development
Yartseva M.A., Kremenetskaya I.P., Ivanova L.A., Slukovskaya M.V.
Abstract

Laboratory experiments on the use of expanded vermiculite for seed germination of five vegetable plant species promising for cultivation in the Kola Subarctic (Beta vulgaris L., Brassica oleracea L., Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., Brassica rapa L. Chinese Cabbage Group, Lactuca sativa L.) were carried out. The research used two types of substrates from Kovdor vermiculite differing in firing conditions; agricultural soil was used as a control. Plant growth and development at the juvenile stage of ontogenesis differed significantly (p < 0.005) for three variants of the experiment. The best results were obtained in the variants with the use of vermiculite substrates, which promoted more intensive seed germination, growth of shoots and roots in seedlings of all five vegetable crops, compared to the control (soil). Significant differences in accumulation of green biomass by seedlings were observed only in the experiment with beetroot. In the other four species, the difference in seedling weight was insignificant. New type of thermovermiculite (TV2-H), obtained by firing in an innovative furnace of A.I. Nizhegorodov’s design, had a more pronounced positive effect on seed germination, seedling growth and root length of the studied species of vegetable crops, compared with Vipon-2 thermovermiculite. TV2-H thermovermiculite can be recommended for the use in crop production for germination of vegetable seeds.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):250-268
pages 250-268 views

Agricultural technologies and land reclamation

Dynamics of main climatic indicators and their influence on erosion processes in central part of Rostov region
Sidarenko D.P.
Abstract

The purpose of the research was to study the impact of climatic factors on formation of meltwater runoff, and to establish changes in its indicators from arable land of varying degrees of compaction in the central part of the Rostov region. In the research, both long-term climatic data and current data on the weather conditions of the cold period of the year, intensity of erosion processes formed during snowmelt were used. A close mathematical relationship between the amount of runoff and water content in snow was revealed. Analysis of climatic data showed that the indicators of the cold period 1981–2020 were much higher than the similar indicators of 1881–1980. The greatest divergence was observed in the average temperature, so in the 40-year period this indicator was 1.5 °C, and the same indicator for the 100-year period was only –0.1 °C. There is an increase in temperature in December-­February period from –4.4 to –2.3 °C. Alongside with that, there was also an increase in precipitation for October-­March period and an increase in precipitation for December-­February period to 169 mm and 134, respectively, over a 100-year period. The analysis revealed a significant decrease in runoff indicators in the following twenty years. Thus, the amount of meltwater runoff from loose arable land decreased from 6.1 mm to 2.8 mm in 1981–2000, the values of water content in snow also significantly decreased in 2001–2020. The analysis of changes in the main climatic indicators revealed a significant increase in the air temperature of the cold period and increase in precipitation over the past 40 years. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in water content in snow, which resulted in significantly reduced amount of runoff formed from meltwater. This can largely be the result of both warming of climate in the studied area and favorable influence of anti-erosion measures carried out in the 1970s.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):269-280
pages 269-280 views

Landscaping of settlements

The effects of implementation of nature-based solutions in stormwater management for the case of a former industrial zone in Moscow
Romzaykina O.N., Bubushyan A.A., Shchukin I.S., Vasenev V.I.
Abstract

The development of blue-green infrastructure is a new, but dynamic trend in urban ecology and city planning, especially relevant in the global climate change context, that in addition to increasing temperatures leads to intensification of storm precipitation unusual for the middle zone. The situation with surface flooding is significantly worsened not only by the high percentage of impermeable surfaces in the city, but also by small slopes, which lead to the difficulties of surface runoff. This factor is typical for old city districts or former industrial areas. The increasing storm rainfall leads to additional load on engineering communications and forces to think about alternative solutions, such as rain gardens. The paper evaluated the efficiency of flood risk reduction due to the application of rain gardens on the territory of the projected residential complex in the Moscow megalopolis. The results of modeling the surface slopes of the territory showed that ⅓ of the territory excluding highways has an unfavorable slope (less than 0.5%) for the formation of surface runoff in green areas. At the same time, the most unfavorable areas with slope below 0.003 (0.3 %) account for 13.7% of the territory. It was also determined that the predominant type of catchment surfaces of the territory are catchments of depressional landforms, the most suitable solution for surface runoff drainage for which are rain gardens. At the same time, an increase in the area of rain gardens from 1.5 to 5% of the catchment area of various functional zones showed a decrease in the calculated surface runoff rates from 0 to 78%. The greatest reduction was observed when increasing the area of rain gardens up to 3%, and further increase gave insignificant effect. At the same time, for recreational areas, replacing lawn to rain gardens by more than 2% is excessive, so when the proportion of rain gardens in parks in the study area is increased, the value of overflow tends to zero. Thus, the most effective area of rain gardens for the case study (area - 95 ha) is 2.5 ha, while in recreational zones it is recommended to use only 0.5 ha for rain gardens.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):281-301
pages 281-301 views
Features of Acer negundo L. distribution in forest parks of Ekaterinburg
Tishkina E.A., Semkina L.A., Shevelina I.V.
Abstract

The study considers the distribution and features of ecological and biological confinement of Acer negundo L. to the forest parks of Ekaterinburg. The research was carried out in eleven forest parks of Yekaterinburg: Kalinovsky, Karasye-Ozersky, Sanatorny, Malo-Istoksky, Tsentralny, Shartashsky, Yugo-Zapadny, Shuvakishsky, Im. Lesovodov Rossii, Nizhne-Isetsky, Yuzhny - on an area of 10,196 hectares based on the electronic database “ARM Lesfond”, which was created by combining cartographic materials and taxational descriptions of plantings. Sanitary-hygienic, landscape-aesthetic characteristics, stability class, passability and visibility were analyzed. The features of Acer negundo L. introduction in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg were studied for the first time. The largest number of the trees was noted in five forest parks: Im. Lesovodov Rossii, Karasye-Ozersky, Shuvakishsky, Yugo-Zapadny and Tsentralny where maple plantings were concentrated. The greatest expansion of maple was noted in Maloistoksky forest park, where it covers about 97% of the total area, which is associated with the presence of fruit-bearing individuals nearby. Far from urban plantings of ash-leaved maple in large forest parks, it covers an area ranging from only 0.26 to 1.56%. The ecological and coenotic confinement of Acer negundo L. introduction depending on forest type, age of planting and stand density was revealed. The maximum occurrence of maple was established in pine plantations - 79.1%, and this can be considered its ecological optimum, while the minimum - in plantations with balsam poplar - 11.5% and silver birch - 6.1%. Maple habitats depend on the age categories of plantings. In young stands, it covers an area of 1.8%, in middle-aged trees - 16.9%, in high-bonitat plantings - 76.8%. These studies are of scientific interest when monitoring the spread of a naturalized species and obtaining reliable information about its phytocenotic confinement in a new community.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):302-313
pages 302-313 views

Morphology and ontogenesis of animals

Features of hormonal profile in cats of Russian breeds
Petryaeva A.V., Kuznetsov V.I., Tkachev A.V., Tkacheva O.L.
Abstract

 In modern felinology, cat owners are increasingly interested in behavior of their pets. Based on the study of testosterone levels, methods for determining the gender temperament of cats were proposed. Estradiol and prolactin levels in combination with testosterone concentrations remain less studied in cats of the Russian selection. The aim of the research was to study the relationship between the level of aggressive behavior and blood concentrations of testosterone, estradiol and prolactin in Felis catus. The experiments were carried out in Omsk, Lugansk, Moscow and the Moscow region in 2015–2023. The study used 162 mature cats aged 2 to 11 years, which belonged to 9 different Russian breeds. Concentration of hormones in blood serum was determined by the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using kits from HEMA (Russia), Sigma (USA), Vector-­Best (Russia) on semi-automatic Multiskan FC analyzer (Termo Fisher Scientific; USA). The highest concentration of testosterone was in young cats, which was 16.8 and 35.8 % more (р < 0.01) compared to full-aged and old cats, respectively. The highest concentration of estradiol in blood serum of Russian cats was in old animals, which was 4.3 and 33.3% more (р < 0.01) compared to full-aged and young males, respectively. The highest concentration of prolactin in blood was in old animals, which was 9.6 and 48.8% more (р < 0.001) than in full-aged and young males, respectively. The largest amount of estradiol was detected in female cats with the calmest type of behavior without any aggressive signs — in melancholics, which was 66.7% more (р < 0.001) than in phlegmatics; 54.8% more (р < 0.001) than in animals with average level of aggressive behavior towards animals of the same species — sanguines, and 2.5 times more (р < 0.001) in comparison with animals that showed the maximum level of aggressive behavior towards animals and humans — cholerics. Therefore, it can be concluded that increase in estradiol level contributes to a calmer behavior of Felis catus males in homes.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):314-323
pages 314-323 views

Genetics and plant breeding

The effect of LGB gene polymorphism on milk productivity indicators of Kholmogorsky cows
Khudyakova N.A., Shchipakova E.N., Kashin A.S.
Abstract

In modern breeding work, considerable attention is paid to genetic resources of cattle, genetic assessment of which, with proper crossbreeding and selection, can increase efficiency of the entire industry. One way to realize the genetic resources of animals is to use information about polymorphism of milk productivity genes. The aim of the study was to determine polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin gene in in Kholmogorsky cows and to identify its effect on economically valuable milk indicators. The experiments were carried out on the breeding stock of Kholmogorsky breed in “Kholmogorsky Plemzavod”. The genotype of the studied animals for LGB gene was determined by PCR RFLP using Hae III restriction endonuclease. It was established that the allele B of the β-lactoglobulin gene was dominant in the genome of the studied sample of cows and its frequency of occurrence was 68%, while the most common genotype was AB (47.4%). To assess the effect of different LGB genotypes on milk productivity and milk quality of Kholmogorsky cows, productivity indicators for the last completed lactation were combined into subgroups depending on the genotypes and compared with each other. Most likely, the uniqueness of the Kholmogorsky breed, expressed not only in terms of milk productivity, exterior and constitution, but also in the gene pool, influenced the discrepancy between the obtained results and general patterns. Firstly, in our case, B allele has a positive effect both on qualitative and technological characteristics of milk, and on quantitative indicators of milk productivity. Secondly, the largest value of milk yield and the mass fraction of dry matter belongs to animals with the AB genotype. We recommended to include the procedure for assessing polymorphism of LGB gene in a set of breeding and production work activities to increase the economic efficiency of the enterprise. Such a step will also contribute to the further comprehensive study of this gene as a breeding marker.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):324-336
pages 324-336 views

Veterinary science

Clinical and instrumental features of cardiorenal syndrome in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Byakhova V.M., Petrukhina O.A., Notina E.A., Bykova I.A.
Abstract

This research presents novel insights into the temporal dynamics of clinical and instrumental parameters pertaining to the emergence of cardiorenal syndrome in feline patients afflicted with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It elucidates that within pedigreed felines, the progression of congestive heart failure syndrome may precipitate the subsequent evolution and exacerbation of secondary renal damage, thus significantly complicating the trajectory of the primary pathological process. This study establishes, for the first time, the prevalence of cardiorenal syndrome, affecting 51.0% of the population within the broader cohort of cats afflicted with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 49). Moreover, it substantiates the role of the cardiorenal continuum in felines as a predictor of a more severe course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Manifesting as concentric myocardial hypertrophy in domestic felines, cardiorenal syndrome is characterized by dyspnea, hypothermia, and circulatory insufficiency. Statistically significant findings include an elevated median nocturnal respiratory rate of 34.0 breaths/min (p < 0.001) compared to clinically healthy counterparts (18.0 breaths/min) in affected felines. Additionally, felines afflicted with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiorenal syndrome exhibit a statistically significant (p < 0.001) elevation in median mean arterial blood pressure to 140.0 mmHg compared to clinically healthy counterparts (104.0 mmHg), sinus tachycardia at 199.0 beats/min (171.5 beats/min in healthy felines), resulting in a statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in PQ intervals by 67.0 ms (75.5 ms in healthy felines), and an increase in QT interval by 204.0 ms (165.5 ms in healthy felines). Electrocardiographic assessments reveal indications of compromised intra-­atrial and intraventricular conduction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-­afflicted felines with cardiorenal syndrome, along with an augmented amplitude of the ventricular complex. Echocardiographic evaluations confirm alterations such as pulmonary vein dilation, pronounced left atrial anteroposterior enlargement, interventricular septal and left ventricular free wall hypertrophy, decreased longitudinal contractility of the left and right ventricles, and clinically significant diastolic dysfunction.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):337-348
pages 337-348 views
Morphofunctional parameters of the immune system of chickens after dissemination of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Lenchenko E.M., Tolmacheva G.S., Kulikov E.V.
Abstract

Infectious diseases caused by ubiquitous bacteria with variability of virulence factors and multiple antibiotic resistance reliably often represent the structure of the general pathology of poultry. The aim of the study was to analyze dynamics of morph functional parameters of immune system of chickens in experimental pseudomonas infection. The initiation, development, and outcome of the experimental infectious process were considered using bacteriological and immunological methods with vital dye. Dissemination of P. aeruginosa bacteria revealed significant increase in extravasation of lung blood vessels, signs of hemodynamic disorders, and development of dystrophic and compensatory-­adaptive processes. Pathogenic mechanisms are mediated by the dynamics of changes in reticuloendothelial and lymph epithelial systems: accidental transformation of thymus, atrophy of bursa of Fabricius, hyperplasia of esophageal and cecum lymphoid follicles, Meckel’s diverticulum, and spleen.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):349-357
pages 349-357 views
Sensitivity of the initiators of acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia in calves to antibiotics and phytobiotics
Rodionova N.Y., Rudenko P.A., Sotnikova E.D., Prozorovskiy I.E., Shopinskaya M.I., Krotova E.A., Semenova V.I.
Abstract

Antimicrobial activity of antibacterial agents (benzylpenicillin, methicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefquinome, cefepime, gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin) and herbal medicines (extracts of EleutherococcusEchinacea purpurea and Hypericum perforatum) was studied. The purpose of the research was to determine sensitivity to antibiotics and phytobiotics in microorganisms isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from calves with acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia. Calves with acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia (n = 37) aged 1–3 months were studied in the research. Bronchoalveolar lavage was collected into sterile test tubes from sick calves using silicone sterile catheter. Bacteriological studies were carried out in LLC “Vettest”, using generally accepted methods. Determining the sensitivity of isolated opportunistic microorganisms to antibacterial drugs showed that the vast majority of them have rather low efficiency. It was found that all 115 isolated microorganisms were sensitive only to three antibacterial drugs: fourth-­generation cephalosporin antibiotics — cefquinome and cephepime, and third-­generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic — marbofloxacin. Of the phytobiotics studied, Hypericum perforatum extract had the most pronounced antimicrobial properties against the main initiators of acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia in the calves. Moreover, it showeda more powerful antimicrobial effect against gram-positive bacteria. This makes it possible to use it widely in complex therapy in calves.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):358-369
pages 358-369 views
The effect of Farnesol on sensitivity of microorganisms from bacterial-fungal biofilm to antimicrobial agents in vitro
Sachivkina N.P., Nechet O.V., Gashimova I.S., Kondrateva D.V., Sakhno N.V.
Abstract

Two microorganisms — Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans isolated from a mixed bacterial-­fungal biofilm of horse wound were studied. Resistance profile of these clinical strains to antimicrobial agents was determined using standard disc diffusion method on solid nutrient medium in the laboratory. Next, Farnesol was added to the disks at concentrations of 12.5…200 μM/ml (experiment) or physiologic saline solution (control). The experiments showed that in most cases addition of Farnesol increased sensitivity of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs, and there were no cases of a negative effect of Farnesol on sensitivity. Moreover, the best results of synergism were observed in combination with antifungal drugs rather than with antibacterial drugs. There were also unique indicators: sensitivity of C. albicans to Nystatin and Miconazole doubled after the addition of Farnesol at a concentration of 25…200 µM/ml. Furthermore, it was proved that the clinical strain of S. aureus was completely resistant to penicillin. And sensitivity appeared after the addition of Farnesol. A similar situation was with the Candida strain: resistance to Amphotericin B was initially observed, and in combination with Farnesol, this drug began to work even in small concentrations. In vivo data indicate that Farnesol has an adjuvant effect in combination with most antibiotics and/or antifungal drugs.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):370-382
pages 370-382 views
The effect of bacterial contamination on the biological integrity of sperm in boars
Schmidt A.V., Rystsova E.O., Iolchiev B.S., Chubenko T.V.
Abstract

The productive longevity of sows leads to an increase in production of marketable products. However, more than half are discarded after the first farrowing due to impaired reproductive qualities under the influence of various factors including infectious diseases. The seminal material of boars can be a source of infection for sows. There is evidence of the relationship between the influence of infectious agents on the reproductive tract of producers and on inflammatory processes in the generative organs of females, which leads to a decrease in reproduction rates. In males, contamination of the sperm-­carrying ducts by microorganisms directly affects the quality of sperm production and the function of spermatozoa, which in turn leads to the production of antibodies, reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation. To study the effect of bacterial contamination on the biological integrity of sperm in breeding boars, three groups of animals were formed depending on the activity of spermatozoa. For the study, ejaculates of Large White, Landrace and Duroc breeding boars (n = 46) were taken. The age of the producers ranged from 18 to 40 months; ejaculates were collected in January — December. To determine qualitative and quantitative parameters of spermatozoa, Argus CASA program (ArgusSoft, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used based on CASA technology, using single-­factor analysis methods. A comprehensive assessment of the ejaculates of boar producers showed the presence of yeast and yeast-like fungi (mold) in 44% of the studied samples, in which the total number of colony-­forming microorganisms was 4895 ± 37.5 CFU/cm3, which is 8.1 times more than in samples without contamination, and the proportion of progressive motile spermatozoa was lower by 10%. In the group with high microbial contamination (4895 CFU/cm3), activity was 1.2 times lower (p < 0.001), the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa was 1.7 times higher (p < 0.001) and the level of DNA fragmentation was 3.1 times higher (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis between microbial contamination and progressively motile spermatozoa showed a negative bilateral correlation r = –0.51 (p < 0.01) and a positive correlation with abnormal morphology r = 0.42 (p < 0.05) and DNA fragmentation r = 0.56 (p < 0.01). Reproductive indicators of boars-­producers in the group with high bacterial contamination were established: fertilizing ability was 23% lower, and the number of abortions was 2.3 times higher, and the frequency of stillbirths and mummified piglets in the litter was 3 times and 2.5 times higher, respectively.

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2024;19(2):383-392
pages 383-392 views

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