Vol 14, No 1 (2019)

Beta-amino-butyric acid is introduced as an inducer of resistance in plants against plant pathogens. In this research, the induction of some defensive compounds including peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes by this compound against the rootstock node-producing nematode Meloidogyne javanica in cucumber was investigated. The results showed that inoculation of cucumber roots infected with root-knot nematode with the chemical composition of BABA from the first day after inoculation increased the activity of peroxidase enzyme and reached its maximum on the fourth day of this activity. Induction of the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme showed a gradual increase with a significant difference in comparison to the control and healthy plants and reached the maximum on the fourth day. The electrophoresis of peroxidase isozymes showed that isozyme peroxidase forms in cucumber roots induced by BABA were much more potent than pathogen-induced isozymes. In plants treated with nematode plus BABA, two isozymes were Rf = 00.31 and Rf = 34/0, which were stronger than control (inoculated with nematode).

The article presents the results of studying formation of plum seedlings under drip irrigation in conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil Region of Russia. Field research was carried out on the territory of the training and experimental farming, fruit-growing laboratory “Michurinsky Garden” of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The factors studied were soil irrigation regimes (60-80, 70-90, 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity) and plum varieties (“Utro” and “Mashenka”). The results of the experiment showed that plum seedlings grown under conditions of insufficient and uneven moistening were characterized by the lowest biometric indices. The most severe lack of soil moisture was observed during intensive growth (May - early June). Insufficient and uneven moistening with intervals of reduced moistening leads to several growth waves in plants. In the seedlings grown under drip irrigation the second and third waves of growth were not observed. In irrigation variants, the root system of seedlings was mainly located in the upper arable layer of the soil which was best supplied with nutrients, had the lowest density and favorable air regime. Location of root system along the drip line and at the depth of 30 cm facilitated transferring seedlings to nurseries and ensured less damage to them during transplantation.

Analysis of forest areas in forest parks of Ekaterinburg was carried out based on GIS database of AWP Lesfond program. A database of distribution of undergrowth species in forest parks was formed and then analyzed with Microsoft Excel. Regularities in the distribution of local and introductory undergrowth species in pine forests of Ekaterinburg were determined. The area of pine forests having undergrowth of twelve aboriginal, two invasive species and ten species in artificial plantings in six forest parks of Ekaterinburg - Kalinovsky, Moskovsky, Yuzhny, Nizhneisetsky, Shuvakishsky and im. Lesovodov Rossii - was determined. Analysis of the data showed that the area covered with prickly wild rose ( Rosa acicularis ) constituted 811.4 hectares of all the undergrowth territory (9848.45 hectares), but its distribution in forest park was extremely heterogeneous. Rosa acicularis occurs in the Nizhneisetskiy forest park more often than in other forest parks (273.1 ha). This species is common in nine types of forest, its ecological and phytocenotic distribution optimum is berry pine forest with 0.6-0.9 stand of trees. Presence of prickly wild rose in undergrowth and condition of its cenopopulations indicate a typical composition of plants in the forest park zone of Ekaterinburg. In the forest parks studied, Rosa acicularis is one of the co-edificators in indigenous forest types, along with Sorbus aucuparia , Rubus idaeus , Prunus padus , Salix caprea , Chamaecytisus ruthenicus , Rosa acicularis . The data given on the calculation of forest areas with prickly wild rose are the basis for inventory of valuable medicinal raw materials and ready-made decorative forms for the introduction of urban landscaping.

The pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive tract of horses, accompanied by the development of inflammation and oxidative stress, can be associated with a lack of nitrogen monoxide, which controls a variety of signaling pathways in the body. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) takes part in the work of the immune and nervous systems, its level directly determines the tone of all blood vessels and the course of many pathological processes. NO should be considered as one of the most important factors in the protection of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The article describes in detail the method for determining the level of nitrite-nitric oxide metabolite - in diseases of horses with the symptom complex of “true” colic, and also presents the results of measurements of nitrite in the serum of healthy animals of two age groups: 1-5 years and 6-25 years and animals with pathology. The concentration of nitrite in blood serum in horses of the age group of 6-25 years was 3.42 ± 4.22 μM, while in young animals (1-5 years) the level of this indicator was 8.24 ± 5.42 μM, which is 2,4 times higher. A sharp decrease of nitrite was noted in all horses with intestinal diseases of 2.07 ± 0.9 μM, especially with meteorism 0.6 ± 0.4 μM and spastic colic 1.78 ± 0.5 μM. These facts determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of nitric oxide as a biomarker for the regulation of intestinal motility in normal and pathological conditions.

The popularity of the German Shepherd breed and its use in many areas of human life creates the need to search for new identification methods to establish ownership. The identification methods available, such as chipping and marking, have several disadvantages. The method of dogs’ identification by rhinarium’s imprint is comparatively cheap and reliable. Papillary patterns reflected on rhinarium’s imprint are relatively constant, and have common and particular signs of difference, which make it possible to distinguish the impression of one dog from another. Dogs of the same breed have a standardized exterior, that is, similarity in external characters, which suggests that there are similarities between common and particular characteristics within the same breed. It is found that imprints of the rhinarium of German shepherd breed dogs, obtained from dogs of different origin, housing and feeding conditions, have common features of papillary patterns peculiar to the given breed. The presented results of the comparison of skin patterns of the rhinarium show that this breed is characterized by a straight, straight round-pointed and V-shaped forms of the nose symmetry line, the majority of the representatives of the breed have prints heavily spotted with lines and, as a rule, have 2 branches of the line of symmetry, which proves the presence of breed characteristics and allows for the use of prints in forensic and forensic veterinary identification of dogs.

At all stages of the production of microbiological nutrient media (MNM), the manufacturer, and in particular, the microbiological laboratories that manufacture the media on site, face many operational risks. The presence of such risks, in almost every critical point of production and further operation of the MNM, is due to the presence of common basic requirements for all MNM, which must be taken into account and respected during their development and preparation; as well as the complexity and laboriousness of the very process of manufacturing high-quality differential-diagnostic and other nutrient media, requiring the availability of all the components necessary for preparing these media, equipment, sterile conditions and qualified personnel. In this regard, there is a need to search for effective methods to identify and prevent undesirable situations associated with the production and use of MNM. The aim of this work was to adapt the risk assessment methodology based on the expert method for analyzing the types and consequences of FMEA failures (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) set out in GOST R ISO 31010-2011 for the needs of microbiological laboratories, including those for veterinary and sanitary expertise, producing microbiological nutrient environments and using them. As part of this work, a comparative analysis of risk assessment methods was carried out in order to select the optimal one; adaptation of the QMS principle - risk-oriented thinking and the FMEA method for risk assessment in the implementation of MNM manufacturing processes in a microbiological laboratory (for example, solid agar media); risk assessment protocol forms were developed; calculations of a quantitative assessment of risk levels were carried out in order to determine the need for preventive actions and their implementation in order to minimize the negative consequences of risk in case of its implementation using the developed protocols. The results showed that this technique can be successfully implemented and used in the claimed area.