No 4 (2015)

For the detection and identification of Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis Flavescence doree - the yellowing grape quarantine pest for the territory of Russia and Candidatus Phytoplasma solani Bois noir - pathogen of blackening crust grape was used one of the existing methods of diagnosis PCR in “real time” (RT-PCR). Matched to the fragment 16SrRNA gene species-specific primer systems were tested for false positive and false negative results for the detection of plant material in the above two phytoplasmas. According to the results of PCR in “real time”, it was determined that the studied pairs of primers allow the identification of target species phytoplasmas. Cross-reactions with other species phytoplasmas were not detected. Primers pairs do not give false positive reactions with gram-positive bacteria and some types of bacterial microflora grapes. The primer pairs and probes FDrt and BNrt can be used to detect and identify phytoplasmas - pathogens FD and BN in the regulated articles, as well as monitoring. RT-PCR method is considered to be relatively simple to implement and does not require time-consuming for the detection results.

In the article problems of an art and sign assessment of quality of the surrounding landscape environment and objects of landscape architecture on the basis of the subject “Silhouette and Plasticity” are presented. Using of semantic signs in creation of identical model of space means of landscaping assumes integrity of an image of landscape object with decorative and art characteristics. The choice of spatial signs will be estimated on examples of contemporary gardens from the end of the XX-th to the beginning of the XXI-st of centuries. The presented research allows to offer evidence-based algorithm of step-by-step transformation of the urbanized territories and to use means of landscaping as a semantic image of a place. On the example of the dominating signs it is offered to estimate the possibility of creation of spaces with the set visual characteristics (the line, form, silhouette, plasticity, scale, an image) and on their basis to offer versions of design solutions of urban areas.

The results of research of laws between the nitrogen-fixing ability of the soil and the surface condition of photosynthetic plants. It is established that the quantity of microbial biomass is an indicator of the state of the stand and can be used in the evaluation of the productivity and resilience of ecosystems under the influence of various factors anthropogenesis.

The authors of the article studied the structure of populations of Sanicula europaea L. related to rare species included in the Red book of Moscow and Moscow region. For the first time in Bitza forest Park described the age structure of the identified loci in population of this species, it is shown that left-sided tendency of the age spectra of this type indicates experience-tolerant nature of this species population of Sanicula europaea L. sustainable, and the species can be classified as “recovering”.

The article presents data and analysis of the dynamics of development of individual parts of the skeleton, half-carcasses of young Tsigal, South Ural and Stavropol breeds in the conditions of the Southern Urals. Comprehensive study of the growth and development of the skeleton in the postnatal ontogenesis will develop methods of purposeful influence on the formation of myasnosti animals by sex, age and breed. The experimental data suggest that infants rams have better development of the skeleton than Mutton, due to sexual dimorphism. Thus, the superiority of the rams Tsigal rock peers on the total weight of the bones at birth was 5 g (1.5%) by weight of the bones of the axial skeleton Division - 2.3 g (1.5%), peripheral - 2.7g (1.5%) in the rock Yuzhnouralskaya this difference in magnitude to the studied parameters rams were respectively 28 g (9.5%), 12.8 g (9.5%) and 15.2 g (9.5%) at Stavropol breed - 15 g (5.3%), 6.8 g (5.3%) and 8.2 g (5.3%). A similar pattern was observed in the subsequent age periods.

The quality of semen sires significantly affect the results of artificial insemination of dairy cows. Indicators determining the biological value of sperm are sperm morphology and the state of the hereditary material in chromatin. It is revealed that depending on the degree of fragmentation of DNA in the chromatin of sperm, there are groups with a high degree of fragmentation is over 30%, the average from 10.01% to 30%, moderate 5,01% to 10.0% and the minimum is less than 5.0%.

In order to improve food safety is necessary to further improve the methods of veterinary-sanitary examination for the diagnosis of foodborne diseases, improve the hygienic training of processing enterprises and entrepreneurs, who are responsible for hygiene production sites, more strictly require them to comply with sanitary regulations in all areas of production. All these measures help to reduce the risk of disease in humans through raw materials and food.